3D-printed nuclear batteries could power long-duration space, defense missions

South Australian engineering firm entX, in collaboration with the University of Adelaide, is developing GenX, a 3D-printed nuclear battery designed to provide long-duration, maintenance-free power for space, defense, and remote missions. Unlike traditional bulky nuclear generators that use heat from plutonium decay, GenX employs betavoltaics—ultra-thin, additively manufactured devices that stack nanoscale layers of metals and semiconductors to achieve unprecedented power densities in a compact, durable form. This innovative approach represents a significant advancement over conventional batteries, enabling energy solutions where solar power and refueling are impractical, such as deep ocean drones or remote sensors. The project, supported by a $1.8 million investment and the Additive Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, aims to transition GenX from a laboratory prototype to commercial production within 14 months. Custom 3D-printed radiation shields will ensure safe deployment in satellites, submersibles, and other platforms. The technology promises to unlock new