Australia’s March Toward 100 Percent Clean Energy

Australia is on a clear and realistic path to powering its electricity grid entirely with renewable energy, according to the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). The National Electricity Market, which serves about 90% of Australians, currently relies on coal for 46% of its electricity and renewables for about 35%. However, aging coal plants are retiring and being replaced by cost-effective renewable sources such as wind, solar, storage, and hydropower, supplemented by some gas for seasonal reliability. AEMO expects that 90% of coal generation will be phased out by 2035, with the remainder likely closing later in the decade. The transition is market-driven rather than mandated by legislation, making the exact timing uncertain, but the first coal-free day on the grid could occur much sooner. Australia’s transition offers a potential model for other modern economies aiming for net-zero emissions. The country benefits from vast sunny and windy geography combined with a relatively small population, enabling high renewable penetration. Its national