China outpaces US in nuclear submarine launches over past five years

A recent report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) reveals that China has surpassed the United States in launching nuclear-powered submarines over the past five years (2021–2025). China launched 10 nuclear submarines totaling about 79,000 metric tons, compared to the US’s seven submarines totaling 55,500 metric tons during the same period. This marks a significant shift from 2016–2020, when the US led in both numbers and displacement. Despite this surge, the US still maintains a substantial advantage in active submarines, operating 65 nuclear-powered boats versus China’s 12, alongside 46 conventional submarines. China’s expansion of the Huludao shipyard has been key to this growth, enabling production of ballistic missile submarines that enhance its nuclear triad, as well as guided missile submarines equipped with advanced vertical launch systems. The report also highlights challenges facing US submarine production, including delays in Virginia-class attack submarines and the Columbia