China restores 76% capacity in used EV batteries with molten salt

Researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology have developed a novel molten salt-based method to restore degraded lithium-ion battery cathodes, specifically targeting NCM811 (LiNi₀.₈Co₀.₁Mn₀.₁O₂), a common material in electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Unlike traditional recycling techniques that extract metals but destroy the cathode’s atomic structure, this approach uses a ternary molten salt mixture (lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, and lithium salicylate) to repair defects and replenish lost lithium ions. The process restores the cathode’s original crystal structure and performance, achieving an initial discharge capacity of 196 mAh/g and retaining 76% capacity after 200 cycles, outperforming most current recycling methods. The molten salt method operates at lower temperatures without harsh chemicals, reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. This technique effectively heals both internal and surface damage, removing unwanted layers and reviving the ordered layered structure critical for