Cortical Labs' CL1 turns living neurons into programmable processors

Cortical Labs, led by neuroscientist Brett Kagan, has developed the CL1, the world’s first commercial biological computer that uses 800,000 lab-grown human neurons reprogrammed from skin or blood samples to process information. Unlike traditional silicon-based processors, these living neurons can learn, adapt, and in some cases outperform machine learning systems. The CL1, priced at $35,000 and shipping since summer 2025, includes a custom life-support system for the neurons and operates with significantly lower energy consumption compared to conventional data centers. Its early adopters span diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, finance, gaming, and AI research. The journey from the initial scientific proof of concept, DishBrain, to the commercial CL1 product took about two and a half to three years and involved extensive engineering challenges. Moving beyond lab-scale experiments required building a scalable, reproducible system, which meant developing everything from low-level code and kernel-level software to custom hardware including FPGAs and printed