Engineers unlock deep-earth heat to power a sustainable future

The article discusses the growing potential of geothermal energy as a sustainable and reliable source of clean power. Geothermal energy harnesses heat from the Earth’s crust, generated by the decay of radioactive elements deep underground, to produce electricity and provide heating and cooling. Recent advances in drilling technology and closed-loop systems have significantly expanded geothermal’s viability, enabling continuous power generation with capacity factors often exceeding 90 percent. Experts estimate geothermal energy could supply up to 15 percent of global electricity demand by 2050, offering a carbon-free alternative to fossil-fuel baseload sources like coal and natural gas. Geothermal energy is abundant and nearly inexhaustible, with heat accessible within 2 to 12 miles beneath the Earth’s surface, containing vastly more energy than all fossil fuel reserves combined. It produces minimal emissions, operates independently of weather or daylight, and requires less land than solar or wind farms, making it suitable for diverse locations. Additionally, geothermal systems can efficiently provide heating and cooling through ground-source heat pumps.