Europe’s e-waste could yield over 1 million tons of critical materials

A recent report by the EU-funded FutuRaM consortium reveals that Europe’s electronic waste (e-waste) contains an untapped "urban mine" of over 1 million tons of critical raw materials (CRMs) annually. In 2022, Europe generated 10.7 million tonnes of e-waste, but nearly half (46%) was lost through non-compliant disposal methods such as landfills and incineration, resulting in significant material losses. From the e-waste that was properly treated, about 400,000 tonnes of CRMs—including copper, aluminum, silicon, tungsten, and palladium—were recovered. The report projects that by 2050, e-waste volume could rise to between 12.5 and 19 million tonnes annually, with CRMs increasing to 1.2 to 1.9 million tonnes, and recovery potentially exceeding 1.5 million tonnes per year. The findings underscore Europe’s heavy reliance on imports for over 90