How Japan's submarines could limit China's naval power in a Taiwan conflict

The article discusses the strategic role Japan’s submarine fleet could play in countering China’s numerically superior navy in a potential conflict over Taiwan. While China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) is currently the world’s largest by number, with around 370 ships and an expected increase to 395 by 2025 and 435 by 2030, Japan’s submarine fleet is much smaller, comprising 24 conventionally powered submarines. Despite this, Japan’s submarines are technologically advanced, featuring Air-independent propulsion (AIP) systems that allow extended submerged operations and enhanced stealth, as well as lithium-ion batteries in newer classes like the Taigei-class, which improve underwater endurance and power. These subs are equipped with advanced sonar, torpedoes, and anti-ship missiles, making them formidable assets despite their smaller numbers. Geography further amplifies Japan’s strategic advantage. The island nation’s proximity to key maritime chokepoints such as the Miyako Strait between Okinawa and Miy