Long-life radiovoltaic batteries target space and ocean missions

A DARPA-funded project led by the University of Missouri, with collaborators including the University of Toledo, Pennsylvania State University, University of Houston, and the Naval Research Laboratory, is developing nuclear-powered radiovoltaic micro-batteries designed for long-duration missions in extreme environments such as deep oceans and outer space. These batteries convert nuclear radiation directly into electricity, enabling continuous, maintenance-free power supply where solar energy is unavailable or unreliable. The project aims to achieve a power density of 10 watts per kilogram, significantly surpassing current radiovoltaic systems. The technology relies on gallium oxide semiconductors, which offer superior radiation tolerance compared to conventional materials, potentially enhancing both efficiency and operational lifespan. Researchers at the University of Toledo are conducting finite element modeling to simulate and optimize device designs before fabrication, facilitating iterative improvements. This approach targets applications in buoys, spacecraft, and remote sensors, where replacing or recharging batteries is challenging, thus advancing radiovoltaic technology toward practical deployment in demanding, long-term missions