New 7,000-ton nuclear submarine could choke 60% of China’s sea trade

India is nearing the induction of its third indigenously built nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), INS Aridhaman, which is in the final trial phase. Following INS Arihant and INS Arighaat, Aridhaman will significantly enhance India’s sea-based nuclear deterrent by carrying more long-range K-4 submarine-launched ballistic missiles with a range of about 3,500 kilometers. At roughly 7,000 tons and 125 meters long, it is larger than its predecessors, offering greater missile capacity, improved survivability, and advanced sonar and defensive countermeasure systems. A fourth SSBN is also under construction to further strengthen India’s continuous at-sea deterrence capability. The commissioning of Aridhaman advances India’s strategic goal of a credible nuclear triad—land, air, and sea-based nuclear delivery systems—by improving the survivability and stealth of its nuclear forces. The submarine fleet expansion has strategic implications for regional maritime security, particularly in the