New compostable robot survives 1 million uses with zero e-waste

Researchers from Seoul National University, Sogang University, and Johannes Kepler University Linz have developed the first fully compostable soft robot that combines high durability with complete biodegradability. Constructed from poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), a water-free biodegradable elastomer known for low hysteresis and strong elastic recovery, the robot’s structural frame maintained consistent performance over one million actuation cycles. Unlike conventional robots, this system integrates biodegradable inorganic electronics made from magnesium, molybdenum, and silicon, enabling sensors and functional modules such as heaters and drug delivery, all of which decompose alongside the structural components without leaving toxic residues. When subjected to industrial composting conditions, the robot fully decomposed within months, producing non-toxic compost that supported plant growth, demonstrating its environmental safety. This innovation addresses a critical challenge in soft robotics: balancing biodegradability with functional performance. It also tackles the growing issue of electronic waste, especially as the soft robotics market expands in fields like healthcare