New three-layer electrode converts exhaust CO2 into formic acid

Researchers in South Korea have developed a novel three-layer electrode capable of capturing carbon dioxide directly from exhaust gases and converting it into formic acid under realistic industrial conditions. Unlike conventional carbon capture methods that require separate CO₂ concentration and conversion steps, this integrated electrode combines both functions, simplifying the process and enhancing practicality. The electrode operates efficiently in mixed gases mimicking industrial flue emissions—including nitrogen, oxygen, and CO₂ concentrations similar to ambient air—making it versatile for various applications. The electrode’s structure includes a CO₂-absorbing layer, a gas-permeable carbon paper sheet, and a catalytic tin(IV) oxide layer, which together enable simultaneous CO₂ capture and electrochemical conversion into formic acid. This chemical has broad industrial uses, such as in fuel cells. Testing showed the new electrode outperformed existing technologies by about 40% in pure CO₂ and maintained significant formic acid production under simulated flue gas conditions where other systems faltered. The research demonstrates the feasibility of integrated