Silicon-graphene Li-ion anodes retain 98% capacity after 2,000 cycles

Scientists at Tel Aviv University have developed a novel silicon-graphene anode for lithium-ion batteries using a one-step laser process that simultaneously synthesizes and prelithiates silicon nanoparticles within a conductive graphene matrix. This ambient, solid-state method employs common lithium salts and simple precursors, eliminating complex fabrication steps and the need for reactive lithium metal. The resulting material features a core-shell structure of partially lithiated silicon nanoparticles coated with lithium silicate, embedded in a porous laser-induced graphene framework that stabilizes interfaces and buffers volume expansion—addressing key challenges that have limited silicon anode performance. Testing demonstrated that the silicon-graphene anode retains over 98% of its capacity after more than 2,000 charge cycles at a high current density (5 A g⁻¹), with initial coulombic efficiency above 97% and capacities exceeding 1,700 mAh/g. The anode also exhibits ultrafast charging capability, maintaining 63% capacity at 10 A g