Single string pull enables rapid assembly of futuristic 3D structures

MIT engineers have developed an innovative flat-to-3D design system that enables complex structures to deploy rapidly with a single pull of a string. This approach allows structures to be shipped flat and then smoothly transform into curved, three-dimensional shapes, with the ability to revert to their original flat form when the string is released. The reversible deployment reduces transport costs and setup time, making it particularly useful for applications requiring speed and portability, such as emergency field hospitals in disaster zones or modular habitats in space exploration. The method starts with a user-designed 3D shape, which an algorithm converts into a flat layout of interconnected quadrilateral tiles connected by rotating hinges. Inspired by kirigami and auxetic materials, this design enables predictable movement during deployment without motors or complex hardware. The system calculates an optimized string path that minimizes friction, ensuring smooth and reliable transformation. Tested at various scales—from medical devices to human-sized furniture and portable shelters—the technique is compatible with multiple fabrication methods like 3D printing and CNC milling.