Synthetic lichen could 3D print homes on Mars using Martian soil

Researchers led by Dr. Congrui Grace Jin at Texas A&M University have developed a synthetic lichen system that could autonomously create building materials on Mars using only Martian soil simulant, air, light, and an inorganic liquid medium. This bio-manufacturing approach mimics natural lichens, which are symbiotic communities of fungi and cyanobacteria. The cyanobacteria fix carbon dioxide and nitrogen from the Martian atmosphere, producing oxygen and nutrients, while the fungi bind metal ions and help form biominerals. Together, they secrete biopolymers that glue Martian regolith particles into solid structures, enabling the creation of building materials without human intervention or external nutrient supplies. This innovation addresses major challenges in extraterrestrial construction by eliminating the need to transport heavy materials from Earth or rely on continuous human assistance. Funded by NASA’s Innovative Advanced Concepts program, the technology promises to facilitate autonomous 3D printing of habitats, furniture, and other structures on Mars. The team is currently