The retrofit renaissance reviving bridges and railways

The article highlights the growing movement to retrofit and preserve historic railway infrastructure, such as bridges and train stations, which serve as vital anchors of community identity. In the UK, the Historical Railways Estate manages around 3,100 heritage railway structures, many dating back to the Victorian era. Retrofitting these assets is often more sustainable and cost-effective than replacement, reducing material use and emissions while extending the lifespan of these culturally significant landmarks. Modern engineering employs digital tools like 3D scans and digital twins to precisely model aging structures, enabling minimally invasive interventions that enhance safety without compromising historic character. The preservation of such infrastructure is not only a technical challenge but also a cultural imperative, as these landmarks embody the "soul" of communities and their history. Public opposition often arises against proposals perceived as damaging to heritage sites, exemplified by backlash to plans for new construction over London’s Grade-II listed Liverpool Street Station. Advocates emphasize the need for careful, respectful retrofits that maintain the original design and involve