Articles tagged with "materials-science"
Safer Batteries, Reliable Power: Guiding Research for Next-Generation Energy Storage - CleanTechnica
The article from CleanTechnica highlights the critical importance of safety in the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries, which are essential for powering modern America across various sectors. As demand for advanced energy storage solutions grows, researchers are exploring innovative battery designs featuring alkali metal anodes, solid electrolytes, and Earth-abundant cathode materials. However, these new technologies present unique safety challenges that differ from conventional lithium-ion batteries, including variations in kinetics, toxicity, mechanical robustness, and fire-suppression needs. Understanding these risks is vital to designing safer, more reliable battery systems for future applications. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are at the forefront of battery safety research, employing a comprehensive, multi-scale approach to evaluate battery performance and hazards at the electrode, cell, and pack levels under various conditions such as abuse scenarios and state of charge. NREL collaborates closely with industry partners to accelerate the translation of lab-scale discoveries into market-ready technologies. Their work includes advanced characterization techniques and
energybattery-technologyenergy-storagelithium-ion-batteriesbattery-safetymaterials-sciencenext-generation-batteriesSodium batteries retain 90% capacity after 100 cycles with tin anode
Researchers from the University of California, San Diego, and Unigrid Battery have developed a tin-based anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) that significantly improves energy density, surpassing commercial lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells. Their design achieves 178 Wh/kg and 417 Wh/L in full pouch cells, representing a record efficiency using sustainable, low-cost materials. The anode is composed of 99.5% tin, with minor additions of single-walled carbon nanotubes and binder, creating a conductive and mechanically stable structure that overcomes previous challenges of volume expansion and electrolyte incompatibility common in tin anodes. This innovation addresses the traditional limitation of sodium-ion batteries, which have lagged behind lithium-ion systems due to lower energy density, primarily constrained by hard carbon anodes. Tin anodes can theoretically store nearly three times more charge (around 847 mAh/g) than hard carbon anodes (~300 mAh/g). The new tin anode demonstrated excellent cycling stability
energysodium-ion-batteriestin-anodebattery-technologyenergy-storagesustainable-materialsmaterials-scienceBoron isotopes breakthrough could help enhance nuclear waste management
Researchers from Peking University, the University of Cambridge, and collaborators have developed a novel approach using boron isotopes to monitor and model the corrosion of glass used in nuclear waste storage. Glass, commonly employed to immobilize hazardous radionuclides and heavy metals, can gradually dissolve when exposed to groundwater, posing risks to long-term containment. By applying boron isotope "fingerprinting," the team traced how boron atoms migrate within dissolving borosilicate glass, revealing that the dissolution process varies with glass composition and exposure time. Their experiments, conducted at 90°C over 112 days, showed that initially boron is released uniformly, but over time diffusion through an altered surface layer dominates the release mechanism. The study found that magnesium-bearing glass forms secondary minerals that create a dense, protective surface layer, slowing dissolution, whereas magnesium-free glass develops a less protective layer, allowing continued boron diffusion. These insights demonstrate that boron isotopes serve as sensitive, direct tracers of glass-water interactions,
energynuclear-waste-managementboron-isotopesglass-corrosionradioactive-waste-storagematerials-scienceenvironmental-safety3D human colon model may replace animal testing in cancer labs
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a bioelectronic-integrated three-dimensional human colon model (3D-IVM-HC) that replicates key anatomical and cellular features of the human colon, including its curvature, layered structure, and cryptlike folds. This miniature model, measuring 5 by 10 millimeters, is constructed from human-compatible materials such as gelatin methacrylate and alginate, and is lined with human colon cells and fibroblasts to mimic the mucosal environment. The model supports more realistic cell behavior and interactions, resulting in a fourfold increase in cell density compared to traditional 2D cultures, enhancing physiological relevance and barrier function. The 3D-IVM-HC model addresses significant limitations of animal testing in colorectal cancer research by offering a more ethical, cost-effective, and scalable alternative that eliminates interspecies variability. Testing with the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil demonstrated that cancer cells in the model exhibited drug resistance levels closer to clinical
bioelectronics3D-human-colon-modelcancer-researchbiomedical-engineeringdrug-testing-alternativesmaterials-scienceprecision-medicineTiny robot muscle lifts 4,000 times its weight in lab breakthrough
Researchers at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in South Korea have developed a novel artificial muscle that can transition between soft and flexible to rigid and strong states, overcoming a major limitation in soft robotics. This tiny muscle, weighing just 1.25 grams, can stiffen under heavy loads to provide structural support and then soften to allow contraction and flexibility. Its core innovation lies in a dual cross-linked polymer network combining covalent bonds for strength and thermally responsive physical interactions for flexibility, along with embedded surface-treated magnetic microparticles that enable precise control via external magnetic fields. The artificial muscle can lift up to 5 kilograms—about 4,000 times its own weight—and stretch up to 12 times its original length when softened. It achieves an exceptional strain of 86.4% during contraction, more than double that of human muscles, and a work density of 1,150 kJ/m³, which is 30 times higher than human tissue. This
roboticsartificial-musclessoft-roboticsmaterials-sciencepolymer-networksmagnetic-actuationwearable-devicesNew method uses batteries' own energy to recover 95% of key metals
Researchers have developed an innovative battery recycling method that harnesses a spent lithium-ion battery’s own stored chemical energy to recover key metals with high efficiency. By recharging the battery to a controlled level (around 70% capacity), they trigger a self-heating thermal runaway reaction that raises the internal temperature to about 1,100°C. This heat breaks down complex cathode materials, such as nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), into simpler metallic or oxide forms, facilitating easier extraction without the need for extensive external energy or harsh chemicals. The process involves a two-stage material recovery: first, washing the thermally treated powder with water to remove soluble lithium salts (recovering over 60% lithium), and second, using dilute hydrochloric acid to dissolve remaining lithium and transition metals, achieving over 93% lithium and 95% transition metal recovery in tested cells. This method contrasts with conventional recycling techniques like pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, which require high energy input or large
energybattery-recyclinglithium-ion-batteriesthermal-runawaymetal-recoverysustainable-energymaterials-scienceSolid-State Battery Breakthrough News — Hype Or Hope? - CleanTechnica
Scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a novel self-healing interface for solid-state lithium batteries that mimics a liquid seal by flowing to fill microscopic gaps between the anode and solid electrolyte. This innovation eliminates the need for heavy external pressure and bulky equipment traditionally required to maintain tight contact within the battery. The key mechanism involves the controlled migration of iodide ions under an electric field, which form an iodine-rich layer attracting lithium ions to fill pores at the interface, thereby enhancing stability and performance. This approach simplifies manufacturing, reduces material use without increasing costs, and enables batteries to achieve specific energies exceeding 500 watt-hours per kilogram—potentially doubling device battery life. While the prototype has shown promising stability and exceptional performance over hundreds of charge/discharge cycles in laboratory tests, the technology remains at an early stage, with significant challenges ahead before commercial viability. Real-world testing under varying temperatures, fast charging, and long-term use is necessary to confirm safety and durability, especially given past costly failures like the
energysolid-state-batterieslithium-ionbattery-technologyenergy-storagematerials-sciencebattery-innovationUS scientists use 'Battleship' model to plan nuclear waste storage
Stanford University researchers have developed a novel mathematical model inspired by the game Battleship to improve the evaluation of geological materials for long-term nuclear waste and carbon dioxide storage. Using a Poisson statistical model, the approach predicts the microscopic structure of porous rock and soil by identifying components at random points and mapping their distribution. This breakthrough enables more accurate predictions of how substances move through heterogeneous materials over extended periods, addressing a longstanding challenge in modeling such complex systems. Beyond nuclear waste disposal, the model has broad applications in materials science and engineering. It can reveal microstructural properties like hardness, elasticity, and conductivity, which are critical for optimizing materials such as concrete. For example, engineers could use the model to better fill air pockets in concrete with supplementary materials, reducing cement use and associated carbon emissions while enhancing strength and lowering costs. Experts highlight the model’s potential to design composite materials with tailored properties and to improve understanding in fields like groundwater management and geothermal energy. This advancement complements other global efforts in nuclear waste management,
energymaterials-sciencenuclear-waste-storagecarbon-sequestrationgeological-materialscomposite-materialsconcrete-optimizationNew Triple-Junction Tandem Perovskite Solar Cell Sets World Record - CleanTechnica
A research team at the University of Sydney has achieved a new milestone in perovskite solar cell technology by developing a triple-junction tandem solar cell that combines two layers of perovskite with silicon. This 16 square centimeter device demonstrated a world-record power conversion efficiency for its size, while a smaller 1 square centimeter "champion" cell reached a record 27.06% efficiency. The triple-junction architecture addresses both efficiency and durability challenges by leveraging the low cost and high efficiency of perovskite alongside the robustness of silicon. Significantly, the smaller cell also set a new standard for thermal stability, passing the International Electrotechnical Commission’s Thermal Cycling test involving 200 cycles between -40°C and 85°C, and retaining 95% of its efficiency after over 400 hours of continuous light exposure. Although these cells are still smaller than typical commercial solar panels, the results demonstrate the potential for scaling up stable, efficient perovskite-based solar devices.
energysolar-cellsperovskitephotovoltaicstandem-solar-cellrenewable-energymaterials-scienceInorganic perovskite solar cells achieve highest efficiency to date
Researchers at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) in Lithuania have achieved a record efficiency of over 21 percent in inorganic perovskite solar cells by developing a durable protective layer that addresses a major challenge of rapid degradation. This protective layer, formed through a novel passivation technique using perfluorinated 2D ammonium cations, enables strong adhesion to the pure inorganic perovskite surface by creating hydrogen bonds with lead iodide fragments. This breakthrough overcomes previous difficulties in bonding 2D layers to inorganic perovskites, resulting in stable heterostructures that maintain integrity even at elevated temperatures. The improved passivation not only enhances efficiency but also significantly boosts durability. The team demonstrated that mini-modules with an active area over 300 times larger than typical lab cells achieved nearly 20 percent efficiency and sustained stable operation for over 950 hours at 85°C under continuous illumination. These stability results meet stringent commercial standards comparable to silicon solar cells, marking a critical step
energysolar-cellsperovskitematerials-sciencerenewable-energyphotovoltaicspassivation-technologyNobel Prize in Chemistry honors trio behind metal–organic frameworks
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for their pioneering development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These crystalline materials are constructed by linking metal ions with organic molecules to create highly porous structures with vast internal surface areas. MOFs can trap, store, and manipulate gases and molecules, enabling applications such as capturing greenhouse gases, purifying water, catalyzing chemical reactions, and storing hydrogen fuel. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences highlighted the trio’s work as transformative for materials science, opening new avenues for clean energy and environmental sustainability. The origins of MOFs date back to 1989 when Richard Robson first assembled copper ions with organic molecules into crystalline frameworks, although early versions were unstable. Susumu Kitagawa later demonstrated the frameworks’ flexibility and gas absorption capabilities, while Omar Yaghi engineered the first highly stable MOFs and introduced rational design principles. These principles allow chemists to tailor MO
materials-sciencemetal-organic-frameworksMOFsclean-energycarbon-capturehydrogen-storageenvironmental-applicationsNew Solar Glass Cranks Up Lettuce Crop Yields By Almost 40%
UbiQD, a US startup, has developed an innovative solar glass infused with quantum dots that significantly enhances greenhouse crop yields, particularly for lettuce. Tested by researchers at the University of California – Davis, the "UbiGro" solar glass demonstrated nearly 40% increases in fresh biomass, leaf area, and root length over a full winter growth period. Additionally, plants grown under this glass showed a 41% improvement in light-use efficiency and higher concentrations of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and copper. The glass also altered the spectral red:blue light ratio by 61% without reducing photosynthetically active radiation, optimizing the greenhouse microclimate passively and energy-free. The UC-Davis study, published in Materials Today Sustainability, is the first to evaluate quantum dots integrated with passive solar glass, highlighting the potential of this technology to support climate-smart, resilient food production in greenhouses and vertical farms. UbiQD plans to scale commercial applications of this
energysolar-glassquantum-dotsmaterials-sciencesustainable-agriculturegreenhouse-technologyphotoluminescenceGlobal record set for large triple-junction perovskite solar cell
Australian researchers led by Professor Anita Ho-Baillie at the University of Sydney have developed the largest and most efficient triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon tandem solar cell to date. The team achieved a certified steady-state power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.3% on a large 172-square-foot (16-square-meter) device, marking a global record for large-area cells of this type. On a smaller 0.15-square-inch (1 cm²) scale, they reached an even higher efficiency of 27.06%. These results represent significant advancements in both performance and thermal stability, demonstrating the potential for durable, high-efficiency perovskite solar technology. The triple-junction solar cell stacks three semiconductor layers with different bandgaps to capture a broader spectrum of sunlight than traditional silicon cells. The researchers enhanced stability by replacing commonly used but unstable methylammonium with rubidium to strengthen the perovskite crystal lattice and
energysolar-cellsperovskitetandem-solar-cellpower-conversion-efficiencymaterials-sciencerenewable-energyUS firm’s 'cell-less' EV battery design could add 50% more range
US-based 24M Technologies has developed a novel "cell-less" battery design called Electrode-to-Pack (ETOP) that could enable electric vehicles (EVs) to travel up to 50% farther on a single charge without increasing battery size. Unlike traditional batteries that encase electrodes in individual cells and modules—adding inactive weight and volume—the ETOP system stacks sealed anode and cathode pairs directly into the battery pack. This approach increases the proportion of energy-storing materials from the typical 30-60% to as much as 80%, improving energy density while simplifying manufacturing and reducing costs. Combined with 24M’s proprietary safety and performance technologies, the ETOP platform aims to deliver safe, cost-effective batteries capable of 1,000-mile ranges. The innovation addresses the competitive pressure on US industries reliant on imported batteries by offering a domestic technology that promises higher energy density, design flexibility, and lower capital expenditure for manufacturers. Globally, battery research continues to advance, with new
energybattery-technologyelectric-vehiclesEV-batteriesenergy-storagebattery-innovationmaterials-scienceBreakthrough solar tech could power next-gen panels to 30% efficiency
Researchers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney have developed a breakthrough solar cell technology that could boost silicon photovoltaic panel efficiency to over 30%, surpassing the typical 20-25% range of current commercial panels. This advancement is achieved by adding a singlet fission layer composed of a robust, photostable organic molecule called dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND) on top of existing silicon cells. Unlike previous attempts using unstable molecules like tetracene, DPND is compatible with crystalline silicon and scalable manufacturing. The singlet fission process captures high-energy photons and splits them into two excitons that match silicon’s bandgap, effectively doubling the electrical output from these photons and reducing heat generation. Beyond efficiency gains, the technology enables solar panels to operate at temperatures up to 2.4°C cooler, potentially extending their lifespan by about 4.5 years and improving real-time performance since silicon cell efficiency typically declines with heat. This
energysolar-energyphotovoltaic-technologysolar-panelsmaterials-sciencerenewable-energysinglet-fissionRare earth powerhouses: Top 10 nations holding the goldmine
The article highlights the global distribution of rare earth elements (REEs), a group of 17 critical metals essential for modern technologies such as smartphones, electric vehicles, wind turbines, and military equipment. Although not truly rare, these metals are unevenly distributed worldwide, making their control strategically important. China dominates the sector, holding nearly half of the world’s known rare earth reserves at 44 million metric tons and controlling most of the production and processing infrastructure, thereby maintaining a central role in the global supply chain. Following China, Brazil holds the second-largest reserves with 21 million metric tons but has yet to fully develop its production capabilities. India ranks third with 6.9 million metric tons and is actively investing in expanding its rare earth industry, particularly leveraging its significant beach and sand mineral deposits. Australia, Russia, and Vietnam also possess substantial reserves, with ongoing efforts to boost production. The United States, despite having 1.9 million metric tons of reserves primarily at the Mountain Pass mine, remains heavily
rare-earth-elementscritical-metalsmaterials-scienceclean-energytechnology-materialsglobal-supply-chainmining-reservesUNSW Researchers Claim Solar Cell Breakthrough - CleanTechnica
Researchers at UNSW Sydney have announced a significant breakthrough in solar cell technology by harnessing singlet fission to improve silicon solar cell efficiency. Unlike conventional solar cells that convert one photon into a single electron/hole pair, singlet fission enables one high-energy photon to generate two excited electron/hole pairs, effectively doubling the electrical output from the blue portion of the solar spectrum. The team demonstrated that using photochemically stable dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND) derivatives as the singlet fission material, combined with thin layers of tin oxide and PEDOT:PSS for interface passivation, can create commercially viable singlet fission photovoltaic devices. This approach avoids the instability issues of previously used materials like tetracene. The breakthrough offers a practical pathway to enhance silicon solar cells without the complexity and cost of tandem designs, which require multiple junctions and extensive redesign. Current silicon modules typically achieve efficiencies of 20-25%, but singlet fission could push
energysolar-cellsphotovoltaicssinglet-fissionsilicon-solar-cellsrenewable-energymaterials-scienceMIT maps lithium’s hidden speed limits to unlock next-gen EV batteries
MIT researchers have developed a new model called the Coupled Ion-Electron Transfer (CIET) model that redefines the fundamental chemical reaction of lithium-ion intercalation in batteries. This reaction governs how lithium ions insert into solid electrodes, directly affecting battery charging and discharging speeds. Previous models, notably the Butler-Volmer equation, assumed ion diffusion was the rate-limiting step, but experimental data often conflicted with these predictions. Using a novel electrochemical technique involving repeated short voltage bursts, the MIT team precisely measured intercalation rates across over 50 electrolyte-electrode combinations, including common battery materials like lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide and lithium cobalt oxide. The study found that lithium intercalation rates are significantly slower than previously thought and are controlled by the simultaneous transfer of both lithium ions and electrons to the electrode—a process described by the CIET model. This coupled transfer lowers the energy barrier for the reaction and is the true speed-limiting step in battery operation. The insights from this
energylithium-ion-batterieselectric-vehiclesbattery-technologymaterials-scienceelectrochemistryenergy-storageRobot arms dismantle longest-running, most powerful fusion reactor
The UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) has commenced the decommissioning of the Joint European Torus (JET), the world’s longest-running and most powerful fusion tokamak, following over 40 years of operation. JET notably achieved a record 69 megajoules of energy during a six-second pulse in its final deuterium-tritium experiments in October 2023, with plasma operations ending two months later. The initial phase of the JET Decommissioning and Repurposing (JDR) program involved remotely retrieving 66 plasma-facing components and tiles from inside the reactor. These samples are now being analyzed to understand the physical, chemical, and radiological effects of prolonged plasma exposure on reactor materials. The analysis has revealed significant phenomena such as surface melting and the reverse waterfall effect, which were intentionally induced during JET’s final operational pulses to accelerate and observe damage mechanisms in real time. This unique data is critical for validating predictive computer models for future fusion reactors like ITER and
robotenergyfusion-reactormaterials-scienceremote-handlingplasma-researchdecommissioningNew atom-thick filter boosts EV battery life over 150 charge cycles
Researchers from the University of Florida, Purdue University, and Vanderbilt University have developed an atom-thick graphene filter that significantly improves lithium–sulfur battery performance by blocking sulfur chains that typically degrade battery life. This microscopic filter allows lithium ions to pass freely while preventing bulky sulfur chains from clogging the battery, thereby maintaining stable energy output over more than 150 charge-discharge cycles. The filter is created using chemical vapor deposition, producing a graphene film with precisely sized openings tailored to lithium ions. Lithium–sulfur batteries are known for their high energy density and lightweight nature, making them ideal for electric vehicles (EVs), drones, and portable electronics. However, their practical use has been limited due to sulfur chain formation, which reduces battery efficiency. This new atomic-level engineering breakthrough addresses that issue, potentially enabling longer-lasting batteries that could extend EV range and reduce weight challenges in larger transport modes like trucks, trains, and ships. While still in the research phase, the innovation marks a significant step
energylithium-sulfur-batteriesgraphene-filterelectric-vehiclesbattery-technologymaterials-scienceenergy-storageNew smart fabric buried in asphalt lets roads self-report damage
Scientists at Germany’s Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research (WKI) have developed an innovative smart fabric embedded with sensors that can be integrated directly into asphalt roads to monitor their internal condition in real time. Made from flax fibers reinforced with ultra-thin conductive wires, this bio-based fabric detects strain and stress within the asphalt’s base layer by measuring changes in electrical resistance. The data collected is analyzed by AI algorithms, enabling continuous, nondestructive monitoring of hidden cracks and damage beneath the road surface without the need for drilling or core sampling. This approach aims to improve maintenance planning by providing timely insights into road health, potentially reducing costly repairs and traffic disruptions. The lightweight flax-based fabric is designed for durability, resisting damage during weaving, installation, and heavy traffic loads. Manufactured on a double rapier loom, it can be produced in scalable widths and lengths suitable for real-world road construction. Initial tests involved embedding the fabric across the full width of roadbeds in industrial zones. While the technology does not extend
smart-fabricsensor-technologyIoTroad-monitoringmaterials-sciencesustainable-infrastructureAI-analyticsNew 3D blast simulation software makes WWII bomb disposal safer
German researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut (EMI), in collaboration with virtualcitysystems GmbH and the North Rhine-Westphalia Ministry of the Interior, have developed advanced 3D blast simulation software to improve the safety of WWII unexploded bomb disposal. The software, an extension of the existing VC BlastProtect tool, models not only aboveground blast waves and bomb fragment trajectories but also simulates underground shock wave propagation and fragmentation influenced by different damping measures such as sand or water coverings. This innovation aims to reduce evacuation zones and better predict risks to people, buildings, and subterranean infrastructure like subway tunnels and basements. The project addresses the complex challenge of accurately simulating blast effects in variable soil types, which behave differently under explosive energy due to their composition of sand, water, and air. Researchers conducted dynamic laboratory tests and a large-scale field validation involving detonations of buried 500-pound bombs under various coverings at a former East German Army site
simulation-softwareblast-modelingenergy-transmissionmaterials-sciencesafety-engineeringunderground-shockwavesnumerical-modelingNuclear reactor fears eased as US lab clears graphite of safety risk
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have resolved a decades-old debate regarding the impact of microscopic pores in graphite used in nuclear reactors. Their study, published in the journal Carbon, confirms that the natural porosity within graphite blocks does not affect the material’s atomic vibrations or its fundamental neutron moderation properties. This finding is significant because graphite has been a key component in nuclear reactors since the first reactor in 1942, valued for its ability to withstand extreme temperatures and slow down neutrons to sustain controlled nuclear chain reactions. The research provides greater confidence in the safety and design of current and next-generation reactors, including very high-temperature reactors (VHTRs) and molten salt reactors. The study addressed a critical flaw in previous models that treated graphite porosity by randomly removing atoms, which artificially distorted the material’s vibrational properties and led to overestimations in reactor criticality calculations. Using advanced neutron scattering experiments combined with machine-learned atomic potentials, the ORNL team demonstrated that the increased neutron
energynuclear-reactorsgraphitematerials-scienceneutron-scatteringreactor-safetyhigh-temperature-reactorsThe Solid State EV Battery Race Heats Up
The article discusses the advancing race to commercialize solid-state electric vehicle (EV) batteries, highlighting a new partnership between Corning Incorporated, a long-established materials company, and QuantumScape, a California-based startup. QuantumScape specializes in solid-state lithium-metal batteries, which replace the polymer separator in conventional lithium-ion batteries with a solid-state separator, enabling the use of a lithium-metal anode instead of carbon or silicon. This technology promises higher energy density but has faced significant development challenges. The collaboration aims to develop a manufacturing system for QuantumScape’s ceramic separator to enable high-volume production for commercial applications. Corning brings its 170 years of materials science expertise and a novel manufacturing process called Ribbon Ceramics, which fabricates ultra-thin materials using a roll-to-roll method. Corning is focusing on lithium garnet, a material capable of withstanding lithium metal anodes without degrading, potentially allowing batteries to exceed current energy storage capacities by over 50%. However, this technology is still in
energysolid-state-batteryelectric-vehiclesmaterials-sciencelithium-metal-anodebattery-manufacturingCorning-IncorporatedLight-vibration coupling opens new path for future electronics
Researchers at Rice University have achieved a breakthrough by creating hybrid phonon-polaritons in thin films of lead halide perovskite, merging atomic vibrations (phonons) with light waves to form new quantum states of matter. Using nanoscale slots in a thin gold layer to trap light at terahertz frequencies matching the phonon vibrations, the team demonstrated ultrastrong coupling between two phonon modes and light at room temperature—an achievement not previously realized in perovskite films. This coupling reached about 30% of the phonon frequency, producing three distinct hybrid states without requiring extreme conditions or high-power lasers. This advancement enables precise tuning and control of energy flow in optoelectronic materials such as solar cells and LEDs, potentially improving their efficiency by reducing energy losses. The approach relies on careful nanoscale engineering rather than bulky crystals or intense laser pulses, making it compatible with practical device fabrication. Supported by numerical simulations and quantum modeling, the study opens new possibilities for manipulating quantum
energymaterials-scienceperovskiteoptoelectronicsphonon-polaritonsnanofabricationlight-matter-interactionOnePlus 15 flaunts dune-esque Sand Storm color and 7,300mAh battery
The OnePlus 15 introduces a significant design shift for the brand, featuring a flat-sided frame with softened edges and a new corner-placed square camera module, replacing the previous large circular bumps. It debuts a unique "Sand Storm" finish—a dune-inspired color blending sand and stone tones—alongside classic black and white options. The phone's fiberglass back and ceramic-coated metal frame enhance durability, making it over three times stronger than aluminum and tougher than titanium. The device retains a physical SIM card tray but removes the traditional three-position alert slider, replacing it with a customizable “Plus Key” for user-defined shortcuts. Powered by Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 chip, the OnePlus 15 offers improved speed and efficiency, complemented by a 165Hz display and the first Android support for always-on 120fps gaming, ensuring smooth and immersive performance. A standout feature is its large 7,300mAh battery, significantly bigger than competitors like the iPhone 17 Pro Max
energybattery-technologysmartphone-designmaterials-sciencedurabilitymobile-technologyQualcomm-SnapdragonFormer OpenAI and DeepMind researchers raise whopping $300M seed to automate science
Periodic Labs, a new startup founded by former OpenAI and DeepMind researchers Ekin Dogus Cubuk and Liam Fedus, has emerged from stealth with an unprecedented $300 million seed funding round. Backed by prominent investors including Andreessen Horowitz, Nvidia, Jeff Dean, Eric Schmidt, and Jeff Bezos, the company aims to revolutionize scientific discovery by creating AI-driven autonomous laboratories. These labs will use robots to conduct physical experiments, collect data, and iteratively improve their processes, effectively building "AI scientists" that can accelerate the invention of new materials. The initial focus of Periodic Labs is to develop novel superconductors that outperform current materials and potentially require less energy. Beyond superconductors, the startup intends to discover a variety of new materials while simultaneously generating fresh physical-world data to feed back into AI models, addressing the limitations of existing models trained primarily on internet data. This approach marks a shift toward integrating AI with hands-on experimentation to push the boundaries of scientific research. Although Periodic Labs
robotAImaterials-scienceenergyautomationscientific-discoverysuperconductorsCommon mineral ‘green rust’ could make hydrogen cars, ships a reality
Researchers at Japan’s National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) have developed a cost-effective, high-performance catalyst for hydrogen storage by modifying a common mineral called green rust, an iron hydroxide. This catalyst enables the release of hydrogen from sodium borohydride (NaBH4) through hydrolysis at room temperature without relying on expensive precious metals like platinum, addressing a major challenge in hydrogen fuel technology. The modification involves treating green rust particles with copper chloride, creating nanoscale copper oxide clusters that serve as highly active sites for hydrogen production. The catalyst also harnesses solar energy, with the green rust structure absorbing sunlight and transferring energy via copper clusters to enhance the hydrolysis reaction’s efficiency and hydrogen generation rate. Performance tests showed that this catalyst achieves hydrogen production rates comparable to or exceeding those of traditional precious metal catalysts, while maintaining durability over repeated use. Its room-temperature operation, simple production, and compatibility with existing hydrogen systems position it as a promising solution to advance clean hydrogen energy, particularly when combined with
energyhydrogen-storagegreen-rustcatalysthydrogen-fuel-cellsclean-energymaterials-science4D printing with smart materials is changing product design
The article discusses the transformative impact of 4D printing, an advancement over traditional 3D printing that incorporates smart materials capable of changing shape, properties, or functionality over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, moisture, or pH. Originating from the concept introduced by MIT researchers in 2013, 4D printing uses programmable materials that enable printed objects to bend, fold, expand, or contract after fabrication, effectively adding time as a functional design dimension. This innovation allows objects to adapt to their environment or self-assemble, marking a significant evolution in additive manufacturing. Key applications of 4D printing span across multiple industries. In medicine, it enables devices like stents that can expand automatically inside the body, reducing invasive procedures, and drug delivery systems that release medication only under specific conditions, enhancing treatment safety and efficacy. In construction and aerospace, 4D printing promises self-assembling structures that reduce labor and costs, while in robotics, it facilitates the creation
4D-printingsmart-materialsadditive-manufacturingshape-memory-polymersprogrammable-materialsadaptive-materialsmaterials-science4D printing with smart materials is changing product design
The article discusses the transformative impact of 4D printing, an advancement of traditional 3D printing that incorporates smart materials capable of changing shape, properties, or functionality over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, moisture, or pH. This innovation adds the dimension of time to additive manufacturing, enabling printed objects to bend, fold, stretch, or self-assemble after fabrication. Originating from concepts introduced by MIT researchers in 2013, 4D printing leverages programmable materials like shape memory polymers to create dynamic structures, such as medical stents that expand at body temperature or flat structures that morph into complex shapes when triggered. The potential applications of 4D printing span multiple industries. In medicine, it offers minimally invasive devices and targeted drug delivery systems that activate under specific conditions, enhancing treatment safety and efficacy. In construction and aerospace, 4D printing could facilitate self-assembling structures, reducing labor and costs. Additionally, the technology promises advancements in soft robotics and
4D-printingsmart-materialsadditive-manufacturingshape-memory-polymersprogrammable-materialsadaptive-materialsmaterials-scienceRecord zinc-air battery achieves 74-day life and 3,570 charge cycles
Australian researchers at Monash University have developed a record-breaking rechargeable zinc-air battery that lasts 74 continuous days and endures 3,570 charge cycles. The team, led by Saeed Askari and Parama Banerjee, achieved this breakthrough by replacing costly platinum catalysts with cobalt-doped ultra-thin carbon sheets created through heat treatment of 3D materials. By engineering cobalt and iron atoms at the atomic level on a nitrogen-doped carbon framework, they enhanced charge transfer and reaction kinetics, overcoming key limitations in zinc-air battery performance such as limited output power and poor charge-discharge stability. The new battery demonstrated a power density of 229.6 mW/cm² and an energy density of 997 Wh/kg, marking a significant advance for zinc-air batteries, which are known for their high energy density, low cost, and zinc’s abundance. Traditionally used in small devices like hearing aids and often non-rechargeable, zinc-air batteries have faced challenges in scaling for electric vehicles and large
energybattery-technologyzinc-air-batteryclean-energy-storagecobalt-catalystrechargeable-batteriesmaterials-scienceUS process recovers high-purity lithium from spent EV batteries
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), led by Professor Yan Wang, have developed advancements in solid-state battery technology and lithium recycling that could enhance battery performance and sustainability. They created an iron-doped lithium-indium chloride material that resolves the incompatibility between halide-based solid-state electrolytes and lithium-metal anodes without requiring costly protective layers. This innovation maintains high ionic conductivity and demonstrates impressive long-term stability, with full cells retaining 80% capacity after 300 charge-discharge cycles and symmetric cells operating over 500 hours without degradation—marking a first in the field. In addition, the team developed a safe, scalable recycling method for spent lithium-metal anodes using a self-driven aldol condensation reaction with acetone, producing lithium carbonate with 99.79% purity, surpassing industry standards. The recovered lithium carbonate was successfully used to create new cathode materials exhibiting electrochemical performance comparable to commercial products. This recycling approach offers a practical solution to reduce reliance on lithium mining, lower production
energybattery-technologylithium-recyclingsolid-state-batteriesmaterials-sciencesustainable-energybattery-performanceUS scientists bring quantum-level accuracy to molecular modeling
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a novel method that significantly enhances the accuracy of molecular modeling by improving density functional theory (DFT), a widely used quantum chemistry simulation approach. DFT simplifies quantum calculations by focusing on electron densities rather than tracking every electron, enabling simulations of larger systems with hundreds of atoms. However, its accuracy has been limited by the need to approximate the exchange-correlation (XC) functional, which governs electron interactions. The University of Michigan team, supported by the US Department of Energy, used quantum many-body theory combined with machine learning to identify a more precise, universal XC functional that can apply broadly across molecules, metals, and semiconductors. This breakthrough addresses a longstanding challenge in quantum chemistry by moving closer to the exact form of the XC functional, which has remained unknown despite its critical role in determining chemical bonds, reactivity, and electrical behavior. The improved functional is material-agnostic, making it valuable for diverse applications such as battery development, drug design, and quantum
materials-sciencequantum-chemistrydensity-functional-theorymolecular-modelingquantum-many-body-problemexchange-correlation-functionalmachine-learningSodium metal batteries retain 91% capacity after 1,000 cycles
Researchers at the University of Queensland’s Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology have developed a novel solid electrolyte for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) that significantly enhances their safety and longevity. The new fluorinated block copolymer material, P(Na3-EO7)-PFPE, is non-flammable and engineered with a body-centered cubic internal structure that facilitates efficient sodium-ion transport while inhibiting the growth of dendrites—metal spikes that cause short circuits and fires in conventional batteries. Testing demonstrated that batteries using this electrolyte retained over 91% of their capacity after 1,000 charge cycles and operated continuously for more than 5,000 hours at 80°C, marking a substantial advancement for grid-scale energy storage applications. This development addresses major safety concerns associated with traditional liquid electrolytes, which are flammable and prone to instability during repeated cycling. By replacing the liquid with a solid, plastic-like electrolyte, the researchers have created a safer, more reliable battery that could serve as a low
energysodium-metal-batteriessolid-electrolytebattery-safetydendrite-preventiongrid-scale-energy-storagematerials-scienceChina builds world's first hydride ion battery for clean energy storage
Chinese researchers at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have developed the world’s first working prototype of a hydride ion battery, marking a significant advancement in clean energy storage technology. This all-solid-state battery uses sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH4) as the positive electrode and hydrogen-poor cerium dihydride as the negative electrode, both common hydrogen storage materials. The team addressed previous challenges related to electrolyte efficiency, thermal stability, and electrode compatibility by creating a novel core-shell hydride ion electrolyte composed of cerium trihydride (CeH3) encapsulated by barium hydride (BaH2). This design enables fast hydride ion conduction at room temperature and becomes superionic above 60°C, combining high conductivity with stability. The prototype battery demonstrated an initial specific discharge capacity of 984 mAh/g at room temperature and retained 402 mAh/g after 20 cycles, with an operating voltage of
energybattery-technologyhydride-ion-batteryclean-energy-storagesolid-state-batterymaterials-scienceelectrochemical-devices'Self-fixturing’ friction stir welding could soon enter into manufacturing
A breakthrough at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) promises to expand the use of friction stir welding (FSW) in manufacturing, particularly on automotive assembly lines. FSW is an energy-efficient welding technique that uses a spinning tool to generate heat and deformation, joining metals without rivets or adhesives. However, its adoption has been limited because the process exerts tremendous force—up to 5,000 pounds—that traditionally requires a rigid anvil underneath the materials to constrain and ensure precise welds. This constraint has made it difficult to apply FSW broadly on assembly lines. PNNL researchers have developed a novel “self-fixturing” friction stir welding system that integrates both the spinning tool and a miniature backing plate into a robotic arm attachment. This innovation eliminates the need for a separate rigid anvil, allowing the welding tool to be more maneuverable and adaptable to complex parts. The team is also incorporating a hydraulic system that captures the forces generated during welding,
friction-stir-weldingadvanced-manufacturingrobotic-armsmaterials-scienceenergy-efficiencyautomotive-manufacturingself-fixturing-technologySodium structure powers solid-state batteries below freezing temps
Researchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have developed a new sodium-based solid-state battery technology that performs effectively at room temperature and below freezing, marking a significant advance for sodium batteries which have historically struggled under real-world conditions. The breakthrough centers on stabilizing a previously unreported metastable structure of sodium hydridoborate, achieved by heating and rapidly cooling the material to lock in a crystal form. This structure exhibits ionic conductivity at least an order of magnitude higher than previously reported sodium electrolytes, enabling better battery performance. The team combined this metastable electrolyte with an O3-type cathode coated with a chloride-based solid electrolyte, allowing for thick, high-loading cathodes that increase the theoretical energy density by packing more active material into the battery. This design contrasts with traditional thin cathodes that contain more inactive material, thus improving energy storage capacity. The innovation not only enhances sodium battery performance but also offers a more cost-effective and sustainable alternative to lithium-based batteries, potentially enabling gig
energysolid-state-batteriessodium-batteriesbattery-technologyionic-conductivityenergy-storagematerials-scienceNew graphene material makes supercapacitors rival lead-acid batteries
Engineers at Monash University have developed a novel graphene-based material, called multiscale reduced graphene oxide (M-rGO), that enables supercapacitors to achieve energy storage comparable to lead-acid batteries while delivering power at much faster rates. This breakthrough addresses a longstanding limitation in supercapacitors, which traditionally store charge electrostatically but have had lower energy density due to inefficient use of carbon materials’ surface area. By applying a rapid thermal annealing process to natural graphite, the researchers created highly curved graphene structures with optimized ion pathways, resulting in devices that combine high energy density (up to 99.5 Wh/L) with exceptional power density (up to 69.2 kW/L) and excellent cycle stability. The new M-rGO material is compatible with scalable production methods and leverages abundant Australian graphite resources, making it promising for commercialisation. Monash spinout Ionic Industries is already producing commercial quantities of this graphene material and collaborating with energy storage partners to bring the technology to market
energygraphenesupercapacitorsenergy-storagematerials-sciencebattery-technologycarbon-materialsNew catalyst fights seawater corrosion for hydrogen production
Researchers at the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) have developed a novel MXene-based composite catalyst that significantly improves the durability and efficiency of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production. Seawater electrolysis has been hindered by chloride ions that corrode electrodes, limiting system lifespan. By deliberately oxidizing MXene and combining it with nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) through high-energy ball milling, the team created a catalyst that exhibits about five times higher current density and twice the durability compared to conventional catalysts. This composite also strongly repels chloride ions, reducing corrosion risks and enabling stable hydrogen output directly from seawater. The catalyst’s performance was validated not only in laboratory conditions but also in an actual electrolysis unit cell, demonstrating its practical viability. The process yields uniform and reproducible catalysts suitable for mass production, addressing the critical balance between conductivity, durability, and performance needed for scaling up hydrogen systems worldwide. Supported by Korean energy research institutions and published in the journal ACS Nano
energyhydrogen-productioncatalystMXeneseawater-electrolysiscorrosion-resistancematerials-scienceUltra-thin quantum sensors survive 30,000 times the pressure of air
Physicists at Washington University in St. Louis have developed ultra-thin quantum sensors made from crystallized boron nitride that can measure stress and magnetism under pressures exceeding 30,000 times atmospheric pressure. These sensors leverage vacancies created by neutron radiation beams that knock boron atoms out of the boron nitride sheets, trapping electrons whose quantum spin states change in response to local magnetic fields, stress, or temperature. Unlike previous diamond-based quantum sensors, these two-dimensional boron nitride sensors are less than 100 nanometers thick, allowing them to be placed extremely close—within a nanometer—to the material under study, enhancing measurement precision under extreme conditions. To apply such high pressures, the team uses diamond anvils—tiny, durable flat surfaces about 400 micrometers wide—that compress the sample material. Initial tests demonstrated the sensors’ ability to detect subtle magnetic changes in two-dimensional magnets. Future plans include studying materials from high-pressure environments like Earth’s core to better understand geological phenomena
quantum-sensorsboron-nitridehigh-pressure-measurementmaterials-science2D-materialsmagnetism-detectionquantum-technologyHow China's 12,400-mile-range nuclear missile stays launch-ready
China’s DF-5C is a newly unveiled liquid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) boasting a range exceeding 20,000 kilometers (12,400 miles), significantly surpassing the U.S. Minuteman III’s range. As the latest upgrade in the Dongfeng-5 series, the DF-5C can reportedly carry up to 10 multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs). A key feature highlighted during its military parade debut is its claimed ability to remain “always on alert and capable of striking anywhere in the world,” suggesting advances that allow the missile to stay launch-ready for extended periods despite the traditional challenges of liquid-fuel missiles, such as toxic fuels and complex fueling procedures. The DF-5C appears to incorporate technological innovations, such as flexible silver-grey materials around its engine nozzles, which may represent breakthroughs in rapid fueling or fuel storage, enabling constant readiness. Strategically, this enhances China’s second-strike nuclear capability, reinforcing its
energynuclear-missileliquid-fuel-technologymaterials-sciencestrategic-defensemissile-technologyaerospace-materialsWhat did dinosaurs sound like? 3D-printed skulls reveal their lost voices
The article explores the innovative work of Courtney Brown, an associate professor at Southern Methodist University, who has spent over a decade combining paleontology, music, computer science, and 3D printing to recreate the possible sounds of dinosaurs. Unlike the iconic roars popularized by media, the true voices of dinosaurs remain unknown due to the absence of vocal fossil records. Brown’s project, the Dinosaur Choir, focuses on hadrosaurs like Corythosaurus, which had elaborate nasal crests believed to function as resonance chambers for producing deep calls. Using CT scans of dinosaur skulls, Brown and her team 3D-printed these structures and integrated mechanical larynxes to generate sounds that mimic how these dinosaurs might have vocalized, producing haunting and varied tones. Further advancements came post-pandemic through collaboration with design professor Cezary Gajewski, who helped redesign the instruments by replacing mouthpieces with sensors that detect vibrations from a player’s voice or subtle movements. This system digitally processes these
3D-printingpaleontologymaterials-scienceacoustic-modelingdinosaur-reconstruction3D-printed-materialsbio-inspired-designSuperconducting magnet cuts steel heat treatment time by 80%
Researchers at the University of Florida (UF), supported by nearly $11 million in federal funding, have developed a pioneering superconducting magnet that could revolutionize steel and aluminum manufacturing by drastically reducing heat treatment time and energy consumption. The technology, known as Induction-Coupled Thermomagnetic Processing (ITMP), combines high-temperature heat treatment with strong magnetic fields to accelerate phase changes in steel, cutting processing times by up to 80%. This approach enhances carbon diffusion in steel through magnetic fields acting as an external driving force, enabling what traditionally takes eight hours to be completed in just minutes. The $6 million prototype magnet, paired with a cylinder induction furnace, can process steel samples up to five inches in diameter and is currently housed in UF’s Powell Family Structures and Materials Laboratory. The ITMP process offers significant industrial benefits, including lower energy use, reduced operational costs, and potential carbon emissions reductions, contributing to cleaner and more efficient metal production. Oak Ridge National Laboratory collaborators have highlighted the technology’s potential to
energymaterials-sciencesuperconducting-magnetsteel-productionheat-treatmentalloy-manufacturingindustrial-electrificationA Reversible Self-Assembling Solid-State Battery Electrolyte From MIT - CleanTechnica
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel self-assembling solid-state battery electrolyte that addresses key challenges in battery recyclability and sustainability. Published in a 2025 journal study, this electrolyte is made from aramid amphiphiles—molecules that self-assemble into nanoribbons through reversible, non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking. These nanoribbons form a stable, high-performance solid electrolyte with good conductivity and mechanical strength. Crucially, the electrolyte can be fully disassembled by immersing used battery cells in a simple organic solvent, allowing the battery components to revert to their original molecular forms for easy, non-toxic recycling. This breakthrough contrasts with conventional lithium-ion batteries, which often prioritize performance over recyclability and result in complex, difficult-to-recycle waste. The MIT approach integrates recyclable chemistry from the outset, potentially enabling a circular lifecycle for solid-state batteries. While still in early stages, this innovation could significantly improve the sustainability of electric vehicle batteries by simplifying material recovery
energysolid-state-batterybattery-recyclingelectrolytematerials-sciencelithium-ion-batterysustainable-energyBreakthrough quantum algorithm solves a century-old math problem
Researchers have successfully employed a quantum algorithm to solve a century-old mathematical problem involving the factorization of group representations—a task previously deemed intractable for classical supercomputers. Conducted by Martín Larocca of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Vojtěch Havlíček of IBM, the study demonstrates that quantum computers can efficiently decompose complex symmetries into their fundamental building blocks, known as irreducible representations. This problem is analogous to prime factorization but applies to group theory, which is essential for describing system transformations in physics and material science. The breakthrough leverages quantum Fourier transforms, enabling computations that classical algorithms struggle with due to exponential complexity. This achievement exemplifies a clear quantum advantage, showcasing quantum computing’s potential to outperform classical methods on meaningful scientific problems. The ability to factor group representations efficiently has significant real-world applications, including calibrating particle detectors in physics, developing error-correcting codes in data transmission, and analyzing material properties for new material design. The research not only
quantum-computingquantum-algorithmsmaterials-sciencequantum-advantagecomputational-physicsquantum-Fourier-transformparticle-physicsDutch battery startup LeydenJar’s silicon anode tech could pose a challenge to China
Dutch battery startup LeydenJar is developing silicon anode technology that could significantly challenge China's dominance in lithium-ion battery production, particularly in graphite anodes. With recent funding led by investors Exantia and Invest-NL, plus a €10 million commitment from a U.S. customer, LeydenJar plans to open its first manufacturing facility, PlantOne, in Eindhoven by 2027. Their silicon anodes promise a 50% increase in energy density over traditional graphite anodes, a substantial improvement compared to the incremental gains seen so far in the industry. LeydenJar’s innovation lies in using plasma vapor deposition to grow spongy silicon columns on copper sheets, allowing the silicon to expand and contract without crumbling—a common challenge due to silicon’s tendency to swell during lithium ion storage. This structure supports faster charging and a lower carbon footprint. While the anodes can endure over 450 charge cycles before losing 80% capacity, this still falls short of the 1,000 cycles automakers
energybattery-technologysilicon-anodelithium-ion-batterieselectric-vehiclesmaterials-scienceenergy-storageOxford images hydrogen defects in steel for safer aircraft, fusion
Researchers from the University of Oxford and Brookhaven National Laboratory have conducted a pioneering real-time 3D imaging experiment to observe how hydrogen affects defects inside stainless steel. Using an ultra-bright X-ray beam and Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging at the Advanced Photon Source in the US, they tracked the behavior of dislocations—tiny internal defects—when exposed to hydrogen. The study revealed that hydrogen acts like an atomic-level lubricant, enabling defects to move and reshape more easily, causes unexpected upward movement (climb) of these defects, and reduces internal stress through a process termed hydrogen elastic shielding. These changes collectively weaken the metal, making it more brittle and vulnerable to failure. This breakthrough provides critical insights into hydrogen embrittlement, a major challenge for the safe use of hydrogen as a clean energy source in sectors like aviation, nuclear fusion, and heavy-duty transport. By directly observing atomic-scale interactions non-destructively and in real time, the research offers new understanding that can improve multi-scale simulation models
energymaterials-sciencehydrogen-embrittlementstainless-steelnuclear-fusionclean-energymetal-defectsNew impact-resistant additive makes lithium-ion batteries safer for EVs
Researchers at the US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a novel impact-resistant additive to enhance the safety of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). Inspired by the shear-thickening behavior of oobleck—a cornstarch and water mixture that solidifies under pressure—Gabriel Veith and his team created an additive composed of uniformly sized superfine silica particles suspended in the battery electrolyte. This additive instantly hardens upon impact, preventing the battery’s electrodes from touching and short-circuiting, which can otherwise cause fires. The uniform particle size is critical to ensure even dispersion and effective solidification, and the additive can be incorporated into existing battery manufacturing processes with minimal modifications. The technology, branded as Safe Impact Resistant Electrolytes (SAFIRE), was licensed in 2022 to Safire Technology Group, a startup advancing its commercialization for automotive, defense, and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft applications. SAFIRE
energylithium-ion-batteriesbattery-safetyimpact-resistant-additivematerials-sciencesilica-particleselectrolyte-technologyScientists harness sunlight to pull carbon dioxide out of thin air
Scientists at Harvard, led by assistant professor Richard Y. Liu, have developed a novel method to capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air using sunlight. Their approach employs specially designed organic molecules called photobases that, when activated by sunlight, generate hydroxide ions capable of efficiently capturing and releasing CO₂. Unlike current direct air capture technologies, which require significant energy input, Liu’s light-driven process offers a low-energy, reversible, and potentially solar-powered alternative, representing a promising step toward scalable greenhouse gas removal solutions. Liu’s research integrates expertise from chemistry, materials science, and engineering, with collaboration from energy professor Daniel G. Nocera. Funded primarily by an NSF CAREER award and supported by Harvard amid federal funding challenges, the work exemplifies practical innovation combined with educational goals. The team’s findings, published in Nature Chemistry, highlight how creative molecular design can harness abundant sunlight to address climate change by enabling more energy-efficient carbon capture technologies. Liu advocates for continued scientific investment to
energycarbon-capturesunlightphotobasesgreenhouse-gaseslow-energy-technologymaterials-scienceSupercomputer drives 500x brighter X-rays to boost battery research
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have combined the upgraded Advanced Photon Source (APS) with the Aurora exascale supercomputer to significantly accelerate battery research. The APS upgrade boosts X-ray beam brightness by up to 500 times, enabling unprecedented real-time, high-resolution imaging of battery materials during charge and discharge cycles. This allows scientists to observe atomic-level changes, structural defects, and electronic states of key cathode elements such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese, providing deeper insights into battery performance and degradation. Aurora complements APS by handling massive data processing and AI-driven analysis, with over 60,000 GPUs capable of performing more than one quintillion calculations per second. A high-speed terabit-per-second connection between APS and Aurora facilitates real-time data transfer and experiment feedback, enabling rapid adjustments and optimization. Argonne envisions an autonomous research loop where AI models like AuroraGPT analyze data instantly, predict outcomes, and recommend new materials to test, potentially reducing battery development timelines from years to weeks or days.
energybattery-researchsupercomputerAImaterials-scienceenergy-storageAdvanced-Photon-SourceWater vapor can double conductivity for better fuel cells, study finds
Researchers at the Institute of Science in Tokyo have discovered that introducing water vapor significantly enhances the oxygen ion conductivity of a ceramic material called barium–niobium–molybdenum oxide (Ba₇Nb₄MoO₂₀), which is promising for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). At 932°F (500°C), exposure to water vapor more than doubled the material’s oxide ion conductivity, improving ion flow without relying on protons as charge carriers. This effect occurs because water absorption adds interstitial oxygen ions that facilitate the movement of oxide ions through the crystal lattice by forming and breaking small dimer units, thereby easing ion mobility. This breakthrough addresses a major challenge in SOFC technology, which traditionally requires very high operating temperatures (up to 1,832°F/1,000°C) that cause rapid material degradation and high costs. By enabling efficient ion conduction at lower temperatures around 932°F, the new material could lead to longer-lasting, cheaper fuel cells
energyfuel-cellssolid-oxide-fuel-cellsceramicsion-conductivitymaterials-scienceclean-energyNew dual-shell coating boosts lifespan of lithium-rich batteries
Researchers from Hebei University and Longyan University in China have developed a novel dual-shell coating, termed LiF@spinel, that significantly enhances the durability and performance of lithium-rich cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. This design integrates two protective layers: a spinel buffer that facilitates rapid lithium-ion transport and an outer lithium fluoride (LiF) layer that chemically bonds with nickel-fluoride anchors to shield the cathode from corrosive electrolyte attacks. Constructed via in situ reconstruction, the coating forms a seamless 3D network confirmed by advanced microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Performance tests demonstrated that batteries with this coating retained 81.5% capacity after 150 cycles at 2 C, outperforming uncoated counterparts, and maintained over 80% capacity even under ultrafast cycling at 5 C, with reduced resistance and fewer degradation by-products. This breakthrough addresses key challenges in lithium-ion battery technology, such as cathode instability, electrolyte breakdown, capacity fade, and safety risks, which
energylithium-ion-batteriesbattery-technologymaterials-scienceenergy-storageclean-energybattery-lifespanSimple salt additive gives perovskite solar cells 22.3% efficiency
Researchers at University College London have demonstrated that adding the salt guanidinium thiocyanate to perovskite solar cells significantly enhances their power conversion efficiency and stability. This salt controls the crystallization process during fabrication, resulting in smoother, more uniform perovskite layers with fewer defects, which improves performance and longevity. The team achieved a notable efficiency of 22.3% in mixed tin-lead perovskite cells, approaching the best reported values for this material class and comparable to commercial silicon solar panels. The study highlights that incorporating guanidinium cations into the perovskite structure not only boosts efficiency but also enhances the optoelectronic properties and stability of various perovskite compositions. The researchers emphasize that using this salt in the bottom layer of tandem solar cells could push efficiencies even higher, potentially surpassing current world records. This method offers a straightforward, scalable approach to fine-tuning perovskite films, paving the way for more efficient,
energyperovskite-solar-cellssolar-energypower-conversion-efficiencymaterials-sciencerenewable-energycrystal-formationNew tech may help ice batteries cut cooling energy use in big cities
Researchers at Texas A&M University, led by Dr. Patrick Shamberger, are advancing "ice battery" technology to improve energy efficiency in heating and cooling large buildings. Ice batteries store thermal energy by freezing water or similar materials at night when electricity demand and costs are low, then release the stored cold during the day to cool buildings. This approach reduces daytime electricity demand, easing stress on the power grid and lowering consumer costs. However, current systems require significant nighttime power and their efficiency heavily depends on the materials used, which must be stable, reversible, and durable over decades. The research focuses on optimizing materials such as salt hydrates—salts containing water molecules in their crystal structures—that can absorb and release thermal energy effectively. By tailoring these materials to operate at temperatures compatible with advanced HVAC and heat pump systems, the ice batteries can better integrate with building energy needs and support flexible energy use. A key challenge is preventing phase segregation, where materials separate into different phases during cycling, which degrades performance.
energyice-batterythermal-energy-storagematerials-scienceHVAC-systemssalt-hydratesenergy-efficiency3D-printed superconductors set new record in magnetic strength
Cornell researchers have developed a novel one-step 3D printing method to fabricate superconductors with record-setting magnetic performance. Using an ink composed of copolymers and inorganic nanoparticles that self-assemble during printing, followed by heat treatment, the team creates porous crystalline superconductors structured at atomic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. This streamlined “one-pot” process bypasses traditional multi-step fabrication methods, enabling complex 3D shapes such as coils and helices while enhancing material properties through mesoscale confinement. A key achievement of this work is the printing of niobium nitride superconductors exhibiting an upper critical magnetic field of 40–50 Tesla—the highest confinement-induced value reported for this compound—crucial for applications like MRI magnets. The researchers established a direct correlation between polymer molar mass and superconductor performance, providing a design map for tuning properties. Graduate students and faculty from materials science and physics contributed to overcoming chemical and engineering challenges. Supported by the National Science Foundation and
3D-printingsuperconductorsmaterials-sciencenanotechnologyquantum-materialscopolymersmagnetic-strengthEl Capitan transforms complex physics into jaw-dropping detail
The El Capitan supercomputer, currently the world’s fastest, has revolutionized the simulation of extreme physics events by producing unprecedentedly detailed and high-resolution models. Developed for scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), El Capitan can simulate phenomena such as shock waves and fluid mixing with remarkable clarity, capturing sub-micron details that traditional computers often miss. For example, researchers used it to model the impact of shock waves on a tin surface, revealing how the metal melts and ejects tiny droplets, including the influence of microscopic surface scratches. This level of fidelity, enabled by advanced physics models and a fine computational mesh, is crucial for advancing applications in physics, national defense, and fusion energy research. A key focus of the research was the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, a complex fluid dynamic phenomenon occurring when fluids of different densities interact turbulently under extreme conditions. Using LLNL’s MARBL multiphysics code, El Capitan simulated how shockwaves interacting with minute surface rip
energysupercomputingphysics-simulationfusion-energyshock-waveshigh-performance-computingmaterials-scienceTiny liquid changes improve spacecraft life-support efficiency
A recent study from the University of Mississippi, led by Likun Zhang and doctoral student Zhengwu Wang, reveals how subtle changes in liquid surface tension—specifically the curvature of the meniscus—can dramatically influence wave transmission through barriers in microgravity environments. Their experiments demonstrated that a tiny 1.5 mm change in the meniscus shape can reduce wave energy transmission from about 60% to nearly zero. This finding highlights surface tension as the dominant force controlling fluid behavior in space, where gravity is negligible, offering new methods to manipulate liquids in spacecraft systems. These insights have significant implications for improving the efficiency and weight of life-support, fuel, and cooling systems on long-duration space missions. By adjusting barrier properties such as height and surface coating, the researchers controlled energy flow through fluid barriers, a capability critical for managing fluids without relying on gravity. Beyond space applications, the study also suggests potential advancements in microfluidic technologies used in biomedical engineering and other fields, marking a novel approach to fluid control and
energyfluid-mechanicsspacecraft-life-supportmicrogravitysurface-tensionspace-technologymaterials-sciencePlatinum Demand Scenarios Show Hydrogen’s Fatal Constraint - CleanTechnica
The article from CleanTechnica highlights a critical and often overlooked limitation in the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: the scarcity of platinum, an essential metal for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Platinum acts as a catalyst in these fuel cells, facilitating key chemical reactions necessary for their operation. However, global platinum supply is limited to about 250 to 280 tons annually, with significant portions already allocated to automotive catalytic converters, jewelry, and industrial uses. The market is currently in deficit, with shortages and rising prices, posing a severe constraint on scaling hydrogen fuel cell technology for mobility. The article further explains that while some hydrogen technologies, like certain electrolysers, can avoid or reduce platinum use by employing alternative materials, fuel cell vehicles lack such flexibility. The demand for platinum in fuel cell stacks is substantial: a typical passenger car requires 13 to 18 grams, heavy trucks 120 to 180 grams, and buses 40 to 90 grams. If just 10%
energyhydrogen-fuel-cellsplatinum-scarcityproton-exchange-membraneclean-energyfuel-cell-vehiclesmaterials-scienceAI Could Help Bridge Valley of Death for New Materials - CleanTechnica
The article from CleanTechnica discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to accelerate the discovery and development of new materials by enabling autonomous science—an approach that combines AI, robotics, and advanced computing to design and execute experiments faster and at larger scales than human researchers alone. In May 2025, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) hosted the Autonomous Research for Real-World Science (ARROWS) workshop, gathering over 50 experts from materials science, chemistry, AI, and robotics to explore how autonomous systems could overcome persistent bottlenecks in translating laboratory discoveries into industrial applications. A central challenge identified is bridging the “valley of death,” the gap where promising lab findings fail to scale or be deployed effectively due to complexities in cost, scalability, and real-world performance. Current lab workflows, optimized for human operation, limit the speed and precision autonomous systems can achieve. Workshop participants emphasized the need to redesign research processes so that materials are “born qualified” for industrial use from the
materials-scienceartificial-intelligenceautonomous-scienceroboticsmaterials-synthesisscientific-discoveryindustrial-scale-materialsWorld's most powerful X-ray laser spots atomic shifts in solar cells
Scientists at the European XFEL research facility have, for the first time, directly observed atomic-scale deformations inside solar cell materials using the world’s most powerful X-ray laser. Led by Johan Bielecki, PhD, the team captured how electron-hole pairs—created when light excites electrons in a solar cell—cause subtle distortions in the atomic lattice of the material. These tiny deformations, previously undetectable, were visualized using femtosecond-scale X-ray pulses, revealing ultrafast interactions between electron-hole pairs and the crystal lattice. The study focused on quantum dots made of cesium, lead, and bromine (CsPbBr3), where these distortions form a state known as an exciton-polaron. The findings are significant because even minimal lattice deformations critically influence the optical and electronic properties of materials used in solar cells, displays, sensors, and potentially quantum computing components. Zhou Shen, PhD, the study’s lead author, emphasized that understanding these
energysolar-cellsmaterials-scienceX-ray-laserquantum-dotsoptoelectronicsatomic-lattice-deformationStronger next-gen 3D-printed titanium alloy developed for aerospace use
Engineers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) have developed a new 3D-printed titanium alloy that is about one-third cheaper and stronger than the current industry standard, such as Ti-6Al-4V. This cost reduction is achieved by replacing the expensive element vanadium with more accessible, lower-cost materials. The new alloy also overcomes a common issue in 3D-printed metals by avoiding the formation of columnar microstructures, resulting in a uniform grain structure that enhances both strength and ductility. These improvements address key challenges that have hindered the widespread adoption of 3D-printed titanium in aerospace and medical device industries. The research introduces a novel framework for designing metallic alloys tailored specifically for additive manufacturing, moving beyond legacy alloys that limit the potential of 3D printing. The team has produced and tested samples at RMIT’s Advanced Manufacturing Precinct and is now seeking industry partners to help commercialize the alloy. A provisional patent has been filed for the
3D-printingtitanium-alloymaterials-scienceadditive-manufacturingaerospace-materialsmetal-alloyscost-effective-materials90-year-old quantum guitar strings mystery finally explained
Scientists have solved a nearly century-old problem in quantum physics by providing the first exact solution to the damped quantum harmonic oscillator—a quantum analog of a guitar string that gradually loses energy. Traditionally, physicists struggled to describe how quantum systems lose energy without violating Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which limits the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, like position and momentum, can be known simultaneously. Previous models failed because they either broke this principle or could not accurately capture the damping process at the atomic scale. The breakthrough came by considering the atom not in isolation but as part of a many-body system interacting with all other atoms in its environment. Using a sophisticated mathematical technique called the multimode Bogoliubov transformation, the researchers revealed that the atom settles into a multimode squeezed vacuum state. This state carefully balances quantum uncertainties, reducing noise in one property while increasing it in another, thus preserving the uncertainty principle while accurately modeling energy loss. This solution opens new avenues for ultra-precise measurements beyond the
quantum-physicsquantum-mechanicsenergy-dissipationharmonic-oscillatormaterials-scienceatomic-vibrationsquantum-modelingChina’s new 600Wh/kg lithium battery could double EV energy density
Chinese researchers at Tianjin University have developed a lithium metal battery with an unprecedented energy density of 600 Wh/kg, potentially doubling the energy density of Tesla’s best batteries and quadrupling that of BYD’s Blade batteries. This breakthrough could significantly extend the driving range of electric vehicles (EVs), alleviate range anxiety, reduce battery weight, and enhance performance and efficiency. Additionally, the battery’s high energy density and safety features open up promising applications in electric aircraft and drones, where extended flight times and reliability are critical. The team achieved this advancement by rethinking the traditional lithium-ion solvation structure, creating a more flexible, non-localized interaction between lithium ions and solvent molecules. Using machine learning to optimize lithium salts and solvents, and incorporating fluorine to enhance thermal stability, the battery demonstrated remarkable safety characteristics: it operates at temperatures as low as -60 °C without freezing, resists ignition under open flame, and withstands nail penetration tests. Early tests showed stable performance after 90 charge cycles and
energylithium-batteryelectric-vehiclesbattery-technologymaterials-scienceenergy-densityelectric-aircraftFold it, stretch it, build it: biomimicry with Dr. Shu Yang
The article profiles Dr. Shu Yang, a leading materials scientist and biomimicry expert at the University of Pennsylvania, who draws inspiration from nature’s structures to develop innovative, sustainable materials. Her early curiosity about natural phenomena evolved into a career focused on soft matter such as polymers, gels, and composites. Central to her work is biomimicry—studying biological systems like elephant skin, snail mucus, and ocean biominerals to uncover fundamental principles that can be applied to engineering challenges. For example, her team has created carbon-sequestering concrete inspired by the lightweight, porous, and strong structures of marine organisms, aiming to reduce the significant carbon footprint of traditional concrete. Dr. Yang also explores the art of kirigami—cutting and folding materials to alter their mechanical properties and functionality. By strategically introducing cuts, her lab transforms rigid materials into flexible, stretchable forms with applications ranging from building façades that regulate airflow and sunlight to medical devices like breast implant wrappers that optimize support while
materials-sciencebiomimicrysustainable-materialscarbon-sequestering-concretepolymerscompositeskirigamiCarbon cloth electrode produces hydrogen for 800 hours in seawater
Researchers at the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), led by Dr. Ji-Hyung Han, have developed a durable carbon cloth electrode capable of stable hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis for over 800 hours at industrial-level current densities (500 mA/cm²). This breakthrough addresses key challenges in seawater electrolysis, such as corrosion from chloride ions and performance degradation under high current conditions. The team achieved this by applying an optimized acid treatment—immersing carbon cloth in concentrated nitric acid at 100°C within a sealed vessel—to enhance hydrophilicity and enable uniform dispersion of cobalt, molybdenum, and ruthenium ions as catalysts. The electrode, containing only 1% ruthenium by weight, demonstrated a 25% reduction in overpotential compared to conventional catalysts, translating to a 1.3-fold increase in hydrogen evolution efficiency. The electrode maintained its structural integrity and catalytic performance without leaching metals into the electrolyte throughout the extended operation, highlighting its corrosion
energyhydrogen-productionseawater-electrolysiscarbon-cloth-electrodecorrosion-resistancerenewable-energymaterials-scienceNew perovskite panels hit record 42% efficiency under indoor light
Chinese scientists have developed novel perovskite indoor photovoltaics (PIPVs) that achieve a record indoor power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 42.01%, marking a significant advancement for powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices under indoor lighting. These PIPVs demonstrate a projected lifespan of approximately 6,000 hours under indoor light conditions, addressing a critical barrier to commercialization—long-term stability. The researchers employed a hybrid-interlocked self-assembled monolayer (SAM) strategy to enhance device stability by improving the binding energy and surface coverage of SAM materials on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, which is crucial for the overall durability of inverted PIPV devices. The optimized PIPV modules have been successfully integrated with self-powered devices, including electronic price tags and yellow LEDs, demonstrating practical applicability in real-world indoor environments. The devices can continuously power electronics under desk-lamp illumination, although they require integration with energy storage solutions like lithium-ion batteries to maintain operation during
perovskite-photovoltaicsindoor-solar-panelsIoT-devicesenergy-efficiencyself-powered-electronicslithium-ion-batteriesmaterials-scienceUS turns former nuclear plant into low-energy polysilicon facility
The United States is repurposing the former Phipps Bend Nuclear Plant site in Hawkins County, Tennessee, into a major polysilicon manufacturing hub aimed at producing solar-grade polysilicon with an annual capacity of 16,000 metric tons, projected to increase to 20,000 metric tons within four years. This output is sufficient to supply about 11 gigawatts of solar cells yearly. The redevelopment leverages existing infrastructure from the abandoned nuclear project, including a high-voltage transmission interconnect and favorable zoning, facilitating large-scale industrial use. Highland Materials, a new polysilicon manufacturer, will anchor the site with advanced manufacturing facilities, supported by a long-term lease secured through Pivotal Manufacturing Partners. The project received $255.6 million in federal tax credits under the Inflation Reduction Act. Highland Materials plans to implement an innovative, energy-efficient aluminum–silicon alloy smelting process that significantly reduces energy consumption to 20–40 kWh per kilogram of silicon, much lower
energysolar-energypolysiliconadvanced-manufacturingenergy-efficiencymaterials-sciencerenewable-energyIndoor solar cells deliver six times more energy with perovskite tech
Researchers from University College London (UCL), in collaboration with teams from China and Switzerland, have developed perovskite-based indoor solar cells that achieve a record-breaking efficiency of 37.6% under typical indoor lighting conditions (1000 lux), which is about six times higher than current commercial indoor solar cells. These cells are engineered to overcome perovskite’s main limitation—structural defects called traps that impede electron flow and reduce performance over time—through a three-part chemical treatment involving rubidium chloride and two organic ammonium salts (DMOAI and PEACl). This approach promotes uniform crystal growth and stabilizes the material’s ions, significantly enhancing both efficiency and durability. The new solar cells demonstrated remarkable stability, retaining 92% of their efficiency after 100 days and 76% after 300 hours of intense light exposure at 55°C, outperforming untreated cells substantially. This durability suggests these cells could power small indoor electronics such as remote controls, keyboards, and sensors for
energyperovskite-solar-cellsindoor-solar-energymaterials-scienceInternet-of-Thingsrenewable-energybattery-replacement-alternativesElectrolyte highway breakthrough unlocks affordable low-temperature hydrogen fuel
Researchers at Kyushu University in Japan have developed a novel solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that operates at a significantly reduced temperature of 300℃ (500°F), compared to the conventional 700-800℃ (1292-1472°F). This breakthrough was achieved by re-engineering the fuel cell’s ceramic electrolyte, which transports protons to generate electricity. By doping barium stannate (BaSnO3) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) with high concentrations of scandium, the team created a “ScO₆ highway” — a wide, softly vibrating pathway that facilitates efficient proton movement without the typical trapping issues seen in heavily doped oxides. This innovation results in proton conductivity comparable to traditional SOFCs but at much lower temperatures, potentially reducing manufacturing costs and enabling more affordable, consumer-level hydrogen fuel cells. The implications of this advancement extend beyond SOFCs, offering a new design principle for creating efficient ion pathways in various energy technologies
energyhydrogen-fuelsolid-oxide-fuel-cellelectrolytelow-temperature-SOFCproton-conductivitymaterials-scienceQuantum freezing at room temperature locks nanoparticle at 92% purity
Scientists have achieved a significant breakthrough by freezing the rotational motion of a tiny glass nanoparticle at room temperature to a record quantum purity of 92%. This nanoparticle, though still extremely small, is much larger than typical quantum-scale objects and remains hot internally at several hundred degrees Celsius. Traditionally, observing quantum behavior in larger objects required cooling them near absolute zero and isolating them in vacuum to prevent environmental interference. However, this study bypasses those constraints by focusing solely on the particle’s rotational motion rather than its entire internal energy, enabling quantum ground-state cooling without massive cryogenic setups. The researchers used a slightly elliptical nanoparticle trapped in an electromagnetic field, where it naturally wobbles like a compass needle. By precisely controlling laser light within a high-finesse optical cavity and adjusting mirrors to favor energy removal over addition, they drained nearly all rotational energy, achieving about 0.04 quanta of residual energy. This delicate process also involved managing quantum noise from the lasers to maintain the purity of the
quantum-physicsnanoparticlesmaterials-sciencequantum-optomechanicsroom-temperature-quantum-effectsnanotechnologyquantum-purityChina builds solar catalyst from battery waste to break down plastic
Researchers in China have developed an innovative solar-driven catalyst made from recycled lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries to break down polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic into valuable monomers. The catalyst, composed of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on recycled graphite from battery anodes, uses sunlight to generate localized heat that efficiently depolymerizes polyester chains. Under simulated sunlight, this photothermal catalyst achieved a PET conversion rate of 59 percent and a monomer (BHET) yield above 39 percent within an hour, outperforming standard thermal methods by over threefold in conversion and eightfold in yield. The catalyst also demonstrated excellent durability, maintaining over 90 percent efficiency after 15 reuse cycles. The team further validated the catalyst’s practical application by designing an outdoor solar reactor employing a Fresnel lens to concentrate sunlight, reaching temperatures above 190 °C. This setup achieved nearly complete PET conversion (99.8 percent) in just 30 minutes, recovering
energysolar-catalystbattery-recyclingphotothermal-catalysismaterials-scienceplastic-upcyclingsustainable-technologyFirst 3D X-ray views of magnesium could transform car manufacturing
University of Michigan researchers have achieved the first-ever 3D X-ray imaging of microscopic structures inside magnesium alloys, revealing how these lightweight metals absorb mechanical stress without fracturing. Using advanced dark-field X-ray microscopy at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, the team visualized the formation and evolution of “deformation twins”—mirror-image crystal regions that increase magnesium’s ductility but can also lead to defects and cracks. Their experiments showed that all three types of twins form at triple junctions where three crystals meet, with defects consistently appearing where twins contact other crystals. This insight into magnesium’s stress response is crucial for optimizing its durability in automotive applications. Magnesium alloys, being 30% lighter than aluminum, hold promise for making cars stronger, lighter, and more fuel-efficient, but their broader use has been limited by unpredictable behavior under strain. The study, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and published in Science, provides a detailed understanding of magnesium’s crystalline slip systems and twinning mechanisms
materials-sciencemagnesium-alloyslightweight-materialsautomotive-materialsX-ray-microscopydeformation-twinsenergy-efficient-vehicles3D study achieves ‘Holy Grail’ of solid–liquid battery interfaces
A research team at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign has achieved a breakthrough in understanding the solid–liquid interfaces within lithium-metal batteries by using three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) to visualize the structure of electrical double layers (EDLs) at realistic, uneven electrode surfaces. Unlike previous models that assumed flat interfaces, this study revealed that EDLs dynamically reorganize around microscopic surface clusters during the early stages of battery charging. The researchers identified three universal EDL response patterns—bending, breaking, and reconnecting—driven primarily by the physical geometry of the electrode surface rather than the specific chemistry of the electrolyte. This discovery, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, fills a critical knowledge gap in electrochemistry by linking nanoscale surface morphology to the behavior of liquid electrolytes and ultimately to battery performance. The ability to directly observe and categorize EDL behavior on heterogeneous surfaces not only advances fundamental understanding but also has practical implications for designing faster, more durable lithium
energybattery-technologysolid-liquid-interfaceselectrochemical-cellslithium-metal-batteriesatomic-force-microscopymaterials-scienceNew tool predicts lithium battery failure, could help make safer EVs
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have developed a new, straightforward method to accurately measure lithium metal battery performance using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an algorithm. This innovation addresses a critical challenge in lithium metal batteries: uneven lithium deposition on electrodes, which leads to the formation of dendrites—spiky lithium structures that can pierce battery separators, causing short circuits and battery failure. Previously, assessments of lithium deposit uniformity were subjective and inconsistent across labs, hindering progress in battery research. The team created an algorithm that analyzes SEM images by converting them into black-and-white pixels representing lithium deposits and calculates an Index of Dispersion (ID) to quantify lithium uniformity. A lower ID indicates more uniform lithium deposition, while a higher ID signals clustering and potential battery degradation. Validated on over 2,000 computer-generated images and real battery tests, the ID score correlated with battery health, with fluctuations in the score serving as early warnings of impending failure. This accessible method, leveraging standard
energylithium-batterieselectric-vehiclesbattery-safetyscanning-electron-microscopymaterials-sciencebattery-technologyChina boosts lithium battery life, efficiency using boron additives
Chinese scientists from Nankai University have developed boron-containing electrolyte additives to address key challenges in lithium metal batteries (LMBs), such as lithium dendrite formation, short cycle life, and low Coulombic efficiency. Lithium metal batteries offer high energy density (over 500 Wh/kg), but their practical use is hindered by these issues. The research highlights that optimizing electrolyte formulations with boron additives is a cost-effective strategy to improve battery performance. Boron additives help dissolve Li2O and LiF deposits, reducing interfacial charge transfer resistance and enhancing lithium-ion diffusion, which improves discharge capacity and rate performance. The team designed and tested four boron additives, focusing on their electron-deficient properties and electrostatic potential (ESP) to identify the most effective compounds. Tris(hexafluoroisopropyl) borate (THFPB) showed the highest ESP, indicating strong anion attraction and promising electrolyte additive characteristics. The oxidative decomposition of boron additives at the cath
energylithium-batteriesboron-additiveselectrolyte-optimizationbattery-efficiencyenergy-storagematerials-scienceAI decodes dusty plasma mystery and describes new forces in nature
Scientists at Emory University developed a custom AI neural network that successfully discovered new physical laws governing dusty plasma, a complex state of matter consisting of electrically charged gas with tiny dust particles. Unlike typical AI applications that predict outcomes or clean data, this AI was trained on detailed experimental data capturing three-dimensional particle trajectories within a plasma chamber. By integrating physical principles such as gravity and drag into the model, the AI could analyze small but rich datasets and reveal precise descriptions of non-reciprocal forces—interactions where one particle’s force on another is not equally reciprocated—with over 99% accuracy. This breakthrough corrected long-standing misconceptions in plasma physics, including the nature of electric charge interactions between particles. The study demonstrated that when one particle leads, it attracts the trailing particle, while the trailing particle pushes the leader away, an asymmetric behavior previously suspected but never accurately modeled. The AI’s transparent framework not only clarifies these complex forces but also offers a universal approach applicable to other many-body systems, from living
AIdusty-plasmaphysics-discoveryneural-networksmaterials-scienceparticle-interactionsplasma-physicsNew study by US engineers improves strength prediction in 3D printing
A research team at the University of Maine, led by engineers Philip Bean, Senthil Vel, and Roberto Lopez-Anido, has developed a novel method to improve strength prediction in lightweight 3D-printed parts, focusing on the gyroid infill pattern. This pattern, commonly used in additive manufacturing to reduce weight while maintaining strength, was analyzed through a combination of advanced computer modeling and physical stress testing. The team validated their finite element analysis (FEA) simulations with real-world compression and shear experiments, resulting in semi-empirical equations that enable more convenient and accurate strength predictions for design and optimization purposes. This approach addresses limitations of traditional analytical methods that struggle with complex internal geometries, providing deeper insights into how gyroid infill distributes stress and contributes to overall structural performance. The improved predictive capability allows engineers to optimize designs by balancing material efficiency and structural integrity, reducing material usage without compromising strength. The breakthrough is expected to benefit industries requiring strong, lightweight components, such as aerospace, automotive, and
3D-printingadditive-manufacturingmaterials-sciencegyroid-infillstructural-strengthlightweight-materialsmechanical-engineeringUS fusion ignition propels with THOR's 'burning plasma' breakthrough
A collaborative research effort led by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) achieved a significant fusion ignition breakthrough using LANL’s new Thinned Hohlraum Optimization for Radflow (THOR) window system. Conducted on June 22, 2025, at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the experiment generated a fusion energy yield of 2.4±0.09 megajoules and produced a self-sustaining fusion reaction, confirming that ignition is possible even when the hohlraum is modified to allow X-rays to escape for diagnostic purposes. This success validates high-fidelity 3D simulations and demonstrates that fusion ignition can be maintained despite the energy loss and asymmetry challenges introduced by the THOR windows. The THOR system modifies the conventional NIF hohlraum by incorporating windows around its equator, enabling some X-rays to exit and irradiate test materials. This innovation allows scientists to study material responses
energyfusion-energyinertial-confinement-fusionLos-Alamos-National-LaboratoryTHOR-systemX-ray-diagnosticsmaterials-scienceAI speeds up discovery of 'new' materials as lithium-ion alternatives
Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) have leveraged artificial intelligence to accelerate the discovery of new battery materials that could serve as safer, cheaper, and more sustainable alternatives to lithium-ion technology. Using generative AI models, specifically a Crystal Diffusion Variational Autoencoder (CDVAE) combined with a fine-tuned large language model (LLM), the team rapidly explored thousands of potential porous crystal structures. These structures are designed to facilitate the movement of multivalent ions—such as magnesium, calcium, aluminum, and zinc—that carry multiple positive charges, offering higher energy density than lithium ions. The AI-driven approach overcame the traditional bottleneck of experimentally testing millions of material combinations, enabling the identification of five novel porous transition metal oxide materials with large channels ideal for fast and safe ion transport. The researchers validated the AI-generated materials through quantum mechanical simulations and thermodynamic stability assessments, confirming their practical synthesizability and promising performance for energy storage applications. This breakthrough not only advances the development of
AImaterials-sciencelithium-ion-alternativesbattery-technologyenergy-storagemultivalent-ion-batteriesgenerative-AIUK engineers create solar shield that survive harsh space radiation
UK engineers at the University of Surrey have developed a novel protective coating, termed a “cosmic veil,” designed to shield perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from the harsh radiation environment of space. This coating, made from propane-1,3-diammonium iodide (PDAI₂), stabilizes the fragile organic molecules within PSCs that are typically vulnerable to damage from proton irradiation and other space radiation sources such as galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles. By preventing these organic components from breaking down into gases that weaken the cells, the coating helps maintain the cells’ efficiency and structural integrity over long durations. Testing demonstrated that PSCs treated with this coating sustained significantly less efficiency loss and internal damage when exposed to radiation levels simulating over 20 years in low-Earth orbit. This breakthrough addresses a major limitation of PSCs in space applications, where durability and radiation tolerance are critical. While multi-junction III-V solar cells currently dominate space power systems due to their performance
energysolar-cellsperovskitespace-technologyradiation-shieldingphotovoltaicmaterials-scienceFlexible solar cells beat 10,000 bending cycles with 96% efficiency
Researchers at the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) have developed a flexible perovskite solar cell that combines high efficiency with exceptional mechanical durability and environmental stability. By employing a "defect passivation strategy," they sandwiched the light-absorbing perovskite layer between two protective two-dimensional (2D) perovskite layers. This innovation shields the core material from moisture, enabling fabrication in ambient air conditions with up to 50% relative humidity—overcoming a major hurdle of perovskite’s traditional sensitivity to moisture and eliminating the need for costly controlled environments. The resulting solar cells demonstrate remarkable performance retention, maintaining over 85% of their initial efficiency after 2,800 hours of operation and 96% efficiency after 10,000 bending cycles, highlighting their mechanical resilience. Additionally, in more rigorous shear-sliding tests, the cells preserved 87% efficiency. This durability, combined with the ability to produce the cells in open air, significantly reduces
energysolar-cellsperovskiteflexible-electronicsmaterials-sciencerenewable-energydurabilityUltra-fast charging EVs: New anodes deliver long-lasting batteries
Researchers at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin have developed innovative anode materials for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries that enable ultra-fast charging, enhanced stability, and long service life. Contrary to traditional battery materials that rely on highly ordered crystal structures, the team demonstrated that introducing targeted atomic disorder improves ionic conductivity and cycling stability. This approach, detailed in studies published in Nature Communications and Advanced Materials, involves creating structural disorder in niobium-tungsten oxides and controlled amorphisation in iron niobate, resulting in batteries that retain a large portion of their capacity even after thousands of charge cycles. Specifically, the new lithium-ion battery anodes maintain high performance beyond 1,000 cycles, while the sodium-ion anodes—offering a more environmentally friendly alternative—show exceptional durability with over 2,600 cycles and nearly unchanged capacity. The sodium-ion anode features an amorphous phase with short-range ordered zigzag-chain structures that facilitate efficient ion storage and diffusion. This breakthrough challenges conventional
energybatterieslithium-ionsodium-ionmaterials-scienceanodesenergy-storageUS study finds lithium in reactor vessel could boost nuclear fusion
A recent US-led study involving nine institutions has found that using lithium as a wall material in tokamak fusion reactors could significantly enhance fusion performance. Lithium coatings on reactor walls help stabilize plasma by creating an even temperature gradient from the plasma core to its edge, which is crucial for maintaining stable plasma conditions needed for commercial fusion. Unlike pre-applied lithium coatings, injecting lithium powder during fusion operation proves more effective, as it forms a self-repairing molten layer that protects the vessel walls from the extreme heat—temperatures hotter than the sun’s core—by creating a gas or vapor shield. This protective mechanism reduces wall erosion and limits unwanted material entering the plasma, thereby improving plasma-facing surface durability. The study also addressed concerns about fuel trapping in lithium, finding that the thickness of lithium coatings before plasma shots does not significantly affect fuel retention. Lithium’s ability to absorb fuel atoms rather than reflect them helps stabilize the plasma edge, enhance plasma confinement, and enable higher power densities—key factors for developing compact and efficient
lithiumnuclear-fusionfusion-reactormaterials-scienceplasma-facing-componentstokamakenergy-innovationUS scientists shrink giant lasers with 1,000x faster electron beams
US scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in collaboration with TAU Systems Inc., have developed a new method using compact laser plasma accelerators (LPAs) to generate high-quality electron beams for X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). This approach accelerates electrons up to 1,000 times faster than conventional accelerators by achieving acceleration gradients of 100 gigavolts per meter, compared to about 50 megavolts per meter in traditional systems. As a result, accelerators that once required miles of space can now be reduced to just a few meters, significantly shrinking the size and potentially the cost of XFEL facilities. XFELs are critical scientific tools that produce bright X-ray light for studying matter at the atomic level, benefiting fields such as medicine, materials science, and biology. However, their large size has limited their availability worldwide. The new LPA technology addresses this by using laser-driven plasma waves to accelerate electrons, providing both the high energy and beam quality necessary
energylaser-plasma-acceleratorselectron-beamsX-ray-free-electron-lasersaccelerator-technologyhigh-energy-physicsmaterials-scienceResearchers uncover atomic flaw blocking lithium battery recycling
Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have identified a critical atomic-level flaw that hinders lithium battery recycling: trace amounts of aluminum contamination within cathode materials. Their study reveals that aluminum atoms infiltrate nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) cathodes by substituting cobalt atoms, forming ultra-stable aluminum–oxygen bonds. This atomic substitution effectively locks key metals like nickel, cobalt, and manganese in place, making them significantly harder to extract using the acidic solvents commonly employed in recycling processes. Advanced imaging techniques and quantum modeling confirmed that even minimal aluminum presence fundamentally alters the chemical behavior of cathode materials, posing a substantial obstacle to efficient metal recovery. The research also highlights that aluminum’s impact varies with different solvents—slowing metal release in formic acid, accelerating it in ammonia, and producing unpredictable results in deep eutectic solvents—underscoring the complexity of recycling chemistry. Moreover, common mechanical shredding methods may exacerbate aluminum contamination through friction
energybattery-recyclinglithium-batteriesmaterials-sciencealuminum-contaminationcathode-chemistrysustainable-energyScientists capture atomic motion on camera for the first time
Scientists have, for the first time, directly filmed atomic motion by capturing thermal vibrations of atoms in real-time using an advanced electron microscopy technique called electron ptychography. Led by Yichao Zhang from the University of Maryland, the team achieved a resolution finer than 15 picometers, allowing them to visualize moiré phasons—coordinated, heat-driven vibrations that occur in twisted two-dimensional (2D) materials. These subtle atomic motions, previously only theorized, play a crucial role in determining thermal conductivity and superconductivity in ultrathin quantum materials. This breakthrough provides unprecedented insight into how heat propagates through 2D materials and confirms long-standing hypotheses about atomic-scale dynamics. By revealing these vibrations, the research opens new avenues for engineering quantum materials with tailored thermal, electronic, and optical properties. Zhang’s team plans to further explore how defects and interfaces affect thermal vibrations, which could lead to advances in quantum computing and energy-efficient electronics. Published in Science on July 24,
materials-science2D-materialselectron-microscopyatomic-motionquantum-materialsthermal-vibrationselectron-ptychographyUS funding freeze halts super laser breakthrough for missile defense
The U.S. development of an advanced ultrafast laser technology, intended to enhance missile defense capabilities, has been abruptly halted due to a funding freeze and a stop-work order. This cutting-edge laser system, which emits ultrashort pulses of light with immense power in fractions of a billionth of a second, held promise not only for defense applications such as countering heat-seeking missiles but also for civilian uses including greenhouse gas detection, brain imaging, and materials science research. The project, led by Cornell Engineering professors Jeffrey Moses and Frank Wise, had received over $1 million in funding since 2019 and was approaching critical experimental milestones earlier in 2025. The research team had developed a method to efficiently convert near-infrared laser light to the mid-infrared range, a frequency vital for defense purposes, with significantly higher efficiency than current technologies. However, the imposed stop-work order prevented the final experiments from proceeding, putting the program’s primary goals at risk and potentially redirecting the
energylaser-technologydefense-technologyultrafast-lasersmaterials-sciencenational-securityadvanced-researchUS cracks alloy code to shrink nuclear fuel disposal time by 20 years
The Savannah River Site (SRS) has developed a redesigned carrier for spent nuclear fuel that significantly accelerates the processing time for permanent disposal. The innovation addresses a bottleneck at the site’s H Canyon chemical separations facility, where original carriers used to transport a special type of spent nuclear fuel failed to dissolve completely in nitric acid, delaying the dissolution process. By collaborating with an external vendor, engineers replaced the aluminum alloy used in the carrier’s bail (handle) with a thinner, more readily dissolvable alloy, enabling the carrier to dissolve fully alongside the fuel. This improvement is expected to reduce the overall processing time by more than 20 years and save over $4 billion. This advancement supports the “Accelerated Basin De-inventory” mission, which focuses on processing spent nuclear fuel from the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The fuel, characterized by a unique cylindrical core, is dissolved at SRS before being vitrified for long-term storage. The new
energynuclear-fuelalloymaterials-sciencenuclear-waste-disposalSavannah-River-Sitefuel-processingLithium-metal breakthrough may double EV battery life, boost retention
A South Korean research team at the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) has developed a novel solvent-free, roll-based transfer printing technology that significantly enhances the stability of lithium-metal batteries, potentially doubling their lifespan. By applying an ultra-thin (5 μm) hybrid protective film composed of ceramic and polymer layers directly onto lithium anodes, the team effectively prevents the formation of dendrites—needle-like structures that cause short-circuits and safety hazards in high-capacity batteries. In tests, these protected lithium anodes retained 81.5% of their initial capacity after 100 charge-discharge cycles and maintained 74.1% capacity even under rapid nine-minute discharges, demonstrating more than twice the stability of unprotected cells and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.1%. This breakthrough addresses a major barrier to commercializing lithium-metal batteries, which offer up to ten times the theoretical capacity of conventional lithium-ion batteries and are critical for next-generation solid-state and lithium-sul
energylithium-metal-batteriesbattery-technologyelectric-vehiclesmaterials-scienceenergy-storagebattery-safetyChina's bullet train nears debut as US project faces fresh setbacks
China is on the verge of launching its new CR450 bullet train, capable of reaching speeds of 400 km/h (250 mph), marking a significant advancement in high-speed rail technology. Developed by the China Academy of Railway Sciences and manufactured by CRRC, the CR450 incorporates innovative aerodynamic designs inspired by fast-flying birds to reduce air resistance by about 2.6 percent at the front and 22 percent under the train’s undercarriage. Despite the speed increase from 350 km/h to 400 km/h, the train maintains energy efficiency comparable to the existing CR400 Fuxing model. Additionally, the CR450 features a newly developed braking system that can safely stop the train from 250 mph to zero within 6.5 kilometers (4 miles), using advanced heat-resistant brake materials validated through extensive testing. While China accelerates its high-speed rail development, expanding a network that already covers 48,000 kilometers and connects most major cities, the United States is retreating from similar
energyhigh-speed-trainsaerodynamic-designbraking-systemmaterials-scienceenergy-efficiencytransportation-innovationFirst lab proof of Thomson effect marks major physics breakthrough
Japanese researchers have experimentally confirmed the transverse Thomson effect for the first time, validating a 174-year-old theoretical prediction in thermoelectric physics. This effect involves controlling the direction of heating and cooling flows by altering the direction of an applied magnetic field, differing fundamentally from the conventional Thomson effect. The team, led by Atsushi Takahagi and Ken-ichi Uchida, demonstrated this phenomenon using a semimetal alloy of bismuth and antimony (Bi88Sb12), chosen for its strong Nernst effect near room temperature. Their work, published in Nature Physics, revealed that unlike the conventional Thomson effect—which depends solely on the temperature derivative of the Seebeck coefficient—the transverse Thomson effect also depends on the magnitude of the Nernst coefficient, offering a new mechanism for active thermal management. The researchers overcame previous experimental challenges caused by competing thermoelectric effects (Peltier and Ettingshausen) by employing an infrared camera to isolate the thermal signals corresponding to the transverse Thomson effect.
energythermoelectricThomson-effectthermal-managementmaterials-sciencemagnetic-fieldthermoelectric-materialsChina's new X-shaped rail gun design doubles firepower, improves range
Chinese military researchers have developed a novel "double-decker" X-shaped rail gun design aimed at overcoming the firepower and range limitations of existing rail guns. The design stacks two rail guns vertically within a single barrel, each with its own independent power circuit, allowing them to operate in parallel without magnetic interference. This configuration uses four rails and two U-shaped armatures working together, enabling the weapon to potentially launch a 132-pound (60 kg) projectile at speeds of Mach 7, significantly increasing the shell size and firepower compared to the current Chinese naval rail gun, which fires 33-pound (15 kg) shells. The new design promises a range of approximately 248 miles (400 km), with projectiles reaching targets in about six minutes and impact speeds exceeding Mach 4. However, the technology remains untested in live-fire scenarios, and researchers acknowledge challenges such as the "proximity effect," where interference between nearby electrical currents could affect performance and reliability. The team, led by Associate Professor
energyelectromagnetic-weaponsrail-gun-technologymilitary-technologypower-systemsmaterials-scienceelectromagnetic-accelerationMIT model predicts nuclear waste behavior deep underground for eons
MIT researchers, in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and the University of Orléans, have developed a new computational model called CrunchODiTI to improve predictions of nuclear waste behavior in underground repositories over millions of years. This model builds on the existing CrunchFlow software and uniquely incorporates electrostatic effects of negatively charged clay minerals, enabling three-dimensional simulations of radionuclide interactions with engineered barriers made of cement and clay. The research aims to enhance confidence among policymakers and the public regarding the long-term safety of nuclear waste storage. The study’s findings were validated against experimental data from the Mont Terri research site in Switzerland, a key facility known for its extensive datasets on interactions between cement and Opalinus clay—a water-tight claystone used in many geological repositories worldwide. By coupling high-performance computing simulations with real-world experiments, the model addresses previous limitations in understanding how radionuclides migrate through complex underground environments. This advancement supports safer design and assessment of nuclear waste disposal systems, which is increasingly important as global nuclear
nuclear-energynuclear-waste-managementunderground-storagematerials-scienceenvironmental-safetycomputational-modelingradioactive-waste-disposalLong-lasting lithium battery with breakthrough tech to boost EV range
Scientists have developed a breakthrough method to create safer, longer-lasting lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by enabling unlimited customization of full concentration gradient (FCG) cathodes, particularly in high-nickel materials used for electric vehicles (EVs). Traditional cathode synthesis methods limit the ability to independently control composition gradients, as adjusting one parameter affects others. The new approach employs a mathematical x-framework combined with an automated reactor system, allowing precise, independent tuning of multiple parameters such as average composition, slope, and curvature in the cathode material. This innovation overcomes previous constraints by expressing the flow rate of metal precursor solutions as a time-dependent function, enabling a virtually unlimited range of concentration gradients from just two precursor tanks. High-nickel cathodes are favored for their high energy density and cost efficiency but suffer from stability and safety issues due to intensified side reactions. The new method addresses these challenges by producing finely tuned FCG Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2
energylithium-ion-batteryelectric-vehiclesbattery-technologyhigh-nickel-cathodesmaterials-scienceenergy-storageChina's 15x more efficient fluorine electrolyte extends battery life
Chinese researchers from Luleå University of Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a fluorine-grafted quasi-solid composite electrolyte (F-QSCE@30) that significantly enhances battery performance and safety. This novel electrolyte leverages the inductive effect of fluorinated side chains (–CF2–CF–CF3) to boost ionic conductivity to 1.21 mS cm⁻¹ at 25 °C while maintaining non-flammability and mechanical robustness. Unlike conventional organic electrolytes prone to leakage and flammability, F-QSCE@30 uses a UV-cured, glass-fiber-reinforced membrane that enables safer, scalable roll-to-roll manufacturing. The electrolyte sustains lithium symmetric cells for over 4,000 hours—more than 15 times longer than previous fluorinated systems—and supports Ni-rich NCM622 full cells with nearly 100% capacity retention after 350 cycles at elevated temperature, effectively addressing dendrite growth and capacity fade. The key to
energybattery-technologyelectrolytefluorine-electrolyteionic-conductivityenergy-storagematerials-scienceUS: New transparent canopy brings down outdoor temperature by 10°F
Engineers at UCLA have developed an innovative, lightweight, and scalable outdoor cooling structure that reduces radiant temperature by about 10°F without obstructing visibility. The system combines water-cooled black aluminum panels with a transparent, infrared-reflective polymer film, creating a semi-transparent canopy that actively cools the space beneath it. Field trials on campus and at the San Fernando Swap Meet demonstrated that this “cooling tent” lowered mean radiant temperature to approximately 78°F—significantly cooler than typical shaded areas and even below the ambient air temperature. Unlike traditional opaque cooling panels that block sightlines and raise safety concerns, this design maintains an open feel while effectively wicking heat away. The structure works by circulating chilled water through hydronic panels painted black to absorb stray heat, including body heat, while the polymer film reflects infrared radiation toward the sky. Participants consistently reported feeling cooler and more comfortable under the canopy compared to nearby shaded spots. Supported by the National Science Foundation and UCLA’s Sustainable LA Grand Challenge,
energymaterials-scienceradiant-coolingthermal-comfortsustainable-technologypolymer-filmhydronic-cooling-panelsSolid polymer could power safer EVs, drones, and space probes
Researchers at Florida State University’s FAMU-FSU College of Engineering have developed a novel polymer blend that could lead to safer, longer-lasting solid-state batteries for smartphones, electric vehicles (EVs), drones, and space probes. By combining polyethylene oxide (PEO), a polymer commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for its ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, with a specially designed charged polymer called p5, the team demonstrated that even small amounts of charge significantly influence how polymers mix. Their experiments showed that low concentrations of p5 result in phase separation, while higher p5 content produces a stable, uniform blend. This finding validates theoretical models predicting polymer behavior and identifies key temperature thresholds for maintaining blend stability. The study’s insights into charge concentration and electrostatic interactions provide crucial levers for tuning polymer properties, enabling faster design and screening of advanced battery materials without extensive trial and error. This advancement is particularly promising for solid-state lithium metal batteries, which use solid electrolytes instead of flammable liquid ones, offering enhanced
solid-polymerenergy-storagelithium-ion-batteriespolymer-blendselectric-vehiclesdronesmaterials-scienceAI-powered graphene tongue detects flavors with 98% precision
Scientists have developed an AI-powered artificial tongue using graphene oxide within a nanofluidic device that mimics human taste with remarkable accuracy. This system integrates both sensing and computing on a single platform, enabling it to detect chemical signals and classify flavors in real time, even in moist conditions similar to the human mouth. Trained on 160 chemicals representing common flavors, the device achieved about 98.5% accuracy in identifying known tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) and 75-90% accuracy on 40 new flavors, including complex mixtures like coffee and cola. This breakthrough marks a significant advancement over previous artificial taste systems by combining sensing and processing capabilities. The sensor exploits graphene oxide’s sensitivity to chemical changes, detecting subtle conductivity variations when exposed to flavor compounds. Coupled with machine learning, it effectively recognizes flavor patterns much like the human brain processes taste signals. The researchers highlight potential applications such as restoring taste perception for individuals affected by stroke or viral infections, as well as uses
grapheneartificial-tongueAImaterials-sciencesensorsmachine-learningnanotechnologyScientists make new coating to turn windows into energy-saving shield
Researchers from Rice University, in collaboration with teams from China, Arizona State University, Cornell University, and the University of Toronto, have developed a novel glass coating that improves energy efficiency by reducing heat loss through windows. This new coating, composed of boron nitride doped with carbon, reflects heat, resists ultraviolet light, moisture, and temperature fluctuations, and is also scratch-resistant. The coating lowers emissivity significantly compared to pure boron nitride or traditional low-emissivity (low-E) coatings, which typically degrade under temperature and humidity changes and are applied only on the inner side of windows. The coating is produced using pulsed laser deposition at room temperature, a process that is less energy-intensive than conventional high-temperature methods. Boron nitride, the primary material used, is less costly than silver or indium tin oxide commonly found in existing low-E coatings. The researchers highlight that this method could be adapted for various substrates, including polymers and textiles, and scaled commercially using techniques like roll
energymaterials-scienceglass-coatingboron-nitrideenergy-efficiencythermal-insulationUV-resistanceSupercharged EV battery life may be possible, thanks to Rice’s ‘hot spot’ discovery
Researchers at Rice University have discovered that the internal chemistry of battery materials, rather than just their physical structure, is crucial to improving the durability and capacity of lithium-ion batteries. Using high-resolution X-ray imaging, the team observed in real-time how energy reactions within thick battery electrodes often create uneven “hot spots” near the surface, leaving deeper regions inactive. This uneven reaction causes internal cracking, faster degradation, and reduced energy capacity, which limits the performance and lifespan of batteries, particularly those designed to hold more energy. The study, led by materials scientist Ming Tang, compared two common battery materials: lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and a nickel manganese cobalt oxide blend (NMC). Contrary to prior assumptions that pore structure dictated performance, the researchers found that the thermodynamic properties of the materials primarily determine how evenly reactions spread. NMC electrodes exhibited more balanced and stable reactions, while LFP showed pronounced hot spots near the separator surface. To aid battery design, the team introduced a new metric called the “
energymaterials-sciencebattery-technologylithium-ion-batterieselectric-vehiclesenergy-storagebattery-degradationNew shape memory alloys could build more efficient US fighter jets
US scientists at Texas A&M University have developed a novel approach to designing high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) that could significantly enhance the efficiency and performance of US fighter jets, such as the F/A-18. These alloys enable components like jet wings to change shape—folding via electrical heating and cooling—without relying on heavy mechanical parts. This innovation promises lighter, more energy-efficient jets that can be readied faster for flight, addressing current limitations in aircraft carrier operations. The research team, led by Dr. Ibrahim Karaman and Dr. Raymundo Arroyave, combined artificial intelligence (AI) with high-throughput experimentation using a framework called Batch Bayesian Optimization (BBO). This data-driven method accelerates the discovery of optimal alloy compositions by predicting metal interactions and minimizing costly trial-and-error testing. Their approach not only speeds up materials development but also allows for tailoring alloys to specific functions, such as reducing energy loss or enhancing actuation performance in aerospace, robotics, and medical devices
materials-scienceshape-memory-alloyshigh-temperature-alloysmachine-learningAI-in-materialsaerospace-materialsenergy-efficiencyQatar turns desert sand into the world’s largest 3D printed structure
Qatar has embarked on constructing the world’s largest 3D-printed buildings—two public schools each covering 20,000 square meters—using massive custom-built printers from Denmark’s COBOD. This project, part of a larger plan to build 14 schools totaling 40,000 square meters, represents a 40-fold increase in scale compared to the previous largest 3D-printed structure, a 10,000-square-foot equestrian facility in Florida. The printers, each the size of a Boeing 737 hangar, extrude specialized concrete layer by layer to create walls with flowing, dune-like curves inspired by Qatar’s desert landscape. Over the past eight months, a multidisciplinary team in Doha has conducted more than 100 full-scale test prints, optimizing concrete mixes and printer technology to withstand Qatar’s harsh climate. Printing primarily occurs at night to enhance material performance and reduce environmental impacts such as dust, noise, and energy use. The project not only pushes the boundaries of large-scale additive
3D-printingconstruction-technologymaterials-scienceadditive-manufacturingconcrete-innovationdigital-constructioninfrastructure-developmentNew method pulls CO2 from air using cold air, simple sorbents
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a novel, cost-effective method for capturing atmospheric CO₂ by leveraging extremely cold air and simple, widely available porous sorbent materials called physisorbents. Their technique utilizes the cold energy generated during liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification—a process that typically wastes this cold—to chill ambient air to near-cryogenic temperatures (~ -78°C). This cooling removes water vapor naturally, creating ideal conditions for physisorbents like Zeolite 13X and CALF-20 to efficiently absorb CO₂ without the energy-intensive drying steps required by traditional direct air capture (DAC) systems that rely on chemical amines. The physisorbents demonstrated roughly three times higher CO₂ capture capacity at these low temperatures compared to room temperature, while also requiring less energy for CO₂ release and offering greater durability. Economic modeling indicates this approach could reduce DAC costs to around $70 per metric ton of CO₂—less than one-third of current expenses—potential
energycarbon-capturephysisorbentsLNG-regasificationmaterials-scienceCO2-reductionsustainable-technologyQuantum miracle: Graphene shows spin currents without any magnets
Researchers at Delft University of Technology have achieved a groundbreaking feat by generating and detecting quantum spin currents in graphene without the use of external magnetic fields. Traditionally, inducing the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect in graphene required strong magnetic fields, which are impractical for on-chip integration. By placing graphene atop a layered magnetic material called chromium thiophosphate (CrPS₄), the team harnessed magnetic proximity effects to induce spin-orbit coupling and exchange interactions in graphene. This combination opened an energy gap and enabled electrons to flow along graphene’s edges with aligned spins, demonstrating the QSH effect in a magnet-free environment. In addition to observing the QSH effect at cryogenic temperatures, the researchers discovered an anomalous Hall (AH) effect that persisted even at room temperature, where electrons deflect sideways without an external magnetic field. The coexistence of these effects suggests practical pathways for developing ultrathin, spin-based quantum devices. The stable, topologically protected spin currents in graphene could facilitate long-distance
graphenespintronicsquantum-devicesmaterials-scienceenergy-efficient-electronicsquantum-spin-Hall-effectmagnetic-proximity-effectMIT’s AI-powered robot speeds up search for better solar materials
MIT researchers have developed an AI-powered autonomous robotic system that dramatically accelerates the measurement of photoconductivity—a key electrical property influencing the performance of semiconductor materials used in solar cells and electronics. The robot uses a probe to make contact-based measurements, guided by machine learning models imbued with domain knowledge from chemists and materials scientists. This enables it to identify optimal contact points on perovskite samples, a class of semiconductors relevant to photovoltaics, and efficiently plan the probe’s path to maximize data collection speed and accuracy. In a 24-hour test, the robot completed over 3,000 photoconductivity measurements, outperforming existing AI models in both precision and throughput by taking 125 unique measurements per hour. This rapid, autonomous approach allows scientists to quickly characterize new materials, potentially leading to the discovery of more efficient solar panel components. The research team, led by Professor Tonio Buonassisi, envisions creating fully autonomous laboratories that can accelerate materials discovery by combining fast
robotAIsolar-energysemiconductor-materialsphotoconductivityautonomous-systemsmaterials-scienceNew US fuel cell makes power, stores energy, and produces hydrogen
Engineers at West Virginia University have developed a novel protonic ceramic electrochemical cell (PCEC) fuel cell that operates stably for over 5,000 hours at 600°C and 40% humidity, significantly outperforming previous models that lasted less than 2,000 hours. This advanced fuel cell uses a unique “conformally coated scaffold” (CCS) structure that enhances durability by improving electrode–electrolyte bonding and resisting steam-induced degradation. The design allows the cell to efficiently generate electricity and hydrogen through water electrolysis while also storing energy, making it highly adaptable for modern power grids reliant on intermittent renewable sources like solar and wind. The CCS-based system demonstrates seamless switching between fuel cell and electrolysis modes during prolonged cycles, addressing the critical need for flexible energy conversion and storage in grids managing variable energy inputs. Key innovations include the incorporation of barium ions to improve proton conduction and water retention, and nickel ions to maintain structural stability at scale. Additionally, the system’s
energyfuel-cellhydrogen-productionrenewable-energyenergy-storageprotonic-ceramic-electrochemical-cellmaterials-scienceFirst zero-temp symmetry break hits 80% fidelity in quantum test
An international team of researchers from China, Spain, Denmark, and Brazil has achieved a significant breakthrough by simulating spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) at absolute zero temperature using a superconducting quantum processor. This marks the first time SSB has been simulated at zero temperature with about 80% fidelity, representing a major milestone in condensed matter physics and demonstrating new quantum computing applications. SSB is a fundamental phenomenon in physics that explains the emergence of complex structures and conservation laws, but observing it at near absolute zero is challenging due to material immobility. Classical computers have struggled with such simulations, which are typically limited to temperatures above zero and require extensive processing time. The researchers leveraged quantum computing’s unique capabilities—entanglement and superposition—to overcome these limitations. Unlike classical computers that process computations sequentially, quantum processors handle multiple possibilities simultaneously, exponentially speeding up simulations. The experiment used a quantum circuit of seven superconducting qubits made from aluminum and niobium alloys, operating near one millikelvin
quantum-computingsuperconducting-qubitsquantum-simulationmaterials-sciencecondensed-matter-physicsquantum-processorslow-temperature-physicsIsraeli quantum startup Qedma just raised $26 million, with IBM joining in
Israeli quantum computing startup Qedma has raised $26 million in a Series A funding round led by Israeli VC firm Glilot+, with participation from existing investors like TPY Capital, new investors including Korean Investment Partners, and notably IBM. Qedma specializes in quantum error mitigation software, particularly its flagship product QESEM (quantum error suppression and error mitigation), which analyzes and reduces noise-induced errors in quantum computations both during execution and in post-processing. This approach enables more accurate quantum circuit runs on current hardware without waiting for full error correction advancements at the hardware level. IBM’s involvement reflects its strategy to foster a collaborative quantum ecosystem by partnering with companies focused on software layers, complementing its own hardware and software development efforts. IBM’s VP of Quantum, Jay Gambetta, emphasized the importance of community efforts to achieve scientifically accepted definitions of “quantum advantage”—the point where quantum computers demonstrably outperform classical ones. Qedma’s CEO, Asif Sinay, expressed optimism that the company could
quantum-computingerror-correctionquantum-softwareIBMquantum-advantagequantum-hardwarematerials-scienceHigh-Performance Computing Advanced More Than 425 Energy Research Projects in 2024 - CleanTechnica
In 2024, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) completed the full deployment of Kestrel, a high-performance computing (HPC) system under the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Kestrel delivers approximately 56 petaflops of computing power, significantly accelerating energy research by enabling advanced simulations and analyses through artificial intelligence and machine learning. This supercomputer supported over 425 energy innovation projects across 13 funding areas, facilitating breakthroughs in energy research, materials science, and forecasting. Key projects highlighted in NREL’s Advanced Computing Annual Report for FY 2024 include the use of Questaal, a suite of electronic structure software that solves quantum physics equations with high fidelity to address complex chemical and solid-state system questions. Another notable project, funded by the Bioenergy Technologies Office, used Kestrel to model lignocellulosic biopolymer assemblies in Populus wood, helping researchers understand the molecular interactions responsible for biomass resilience. These
energyhigh-performance-computingrenewable-energymaterials-sciencebioenergymolecular-modelingartificial-intelligenceWorld’s first semiconductor made by quantum tech stuns chip industry
Researchers at Australia’s Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) have unveiled the world’s first semiconductor fabricated using quantum machine learning (QML) techniques, marking a significant breakthrough in semiconductor design. Their approach, centered on a Quantum Kernel-Aligned Regressor (QKAR), outperformed seven classical machine learning (CML) algorithms traditionally used in this field. The team focused on modeling the Ohmic contact resistance—a critical yet challenging parameter that measures electrical resistance at the metal-semiconductor interface—using data from 159 experimental samples of gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs), which offer superior performance compared to silicon-based semiconductors. The QKAR architecture converts classical data into quantum data using five qubits, enabling efficient feature extraction through a quantum kernel alignment layer. This quantum-processed information is then analyzed by classical algorithms to identify key fabrication parameters and optimize the semiconductor manufacturing process. By intelligently reducing the problem’s dimensionality, the researchers ensured compatibility
semiconductorquantum-technologyquantum-machine-learningmaterials-sciencechip-designgallium-nitridehigh-electron-mobility-transistorChina’s new solar material fixes key flaw in perovskite design
Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a novel self-assembling radical-based molecular material that addresses a critical weakness in perovskite solar cells: the unstable hole-transport layer (HTL). This layer, essential for moving positive charges after light absorption, has traditionally been fragile, expensive, and difficult to fabricate uniformly at large scales, limiting the commercial viability of perovskite solar technology. The new "double-radical self-assembled molecule" forms a smooth, defect-free film without complex processing, significantly improving carrier-transport rates and stability under operational conditions. Solar cells incorporating this material demonstrate virtually no performance degradation even after thousands of hours of continuous use, marking a major step toward scalable, roll-to-roll manufacturing of perovskite panels. The breakthrough, led by researchers including Qin Chuanjiang and Wang Lixiang, has received efficiency certification from the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), validating the innovation internationally. This advancement could accelerate China's ability to
solar-energyperovskite-solar-cellsmaterials-sciencehole-transport-layerrenewable-energymolecular-materialsenergy-efficiencyMIT's new AI outsmarts human design to help robots jump 41% higher
MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) has developed a new generative AI approach that designs robots capable of jumping 41% higher than those created by human engineers. Using diffusion-based generative models, researchers allowed the AI to modify specific parts of a 3D robot model, resulting in curved linkages resembling thick drumsticks rather than the straight, rectangular parts of traditional designs. This unique shape enabled the robot to store more energy before jumping, improving performance without compromising structural integrity. The AI-assisted robot also demonstrated an 84% reduction in falls compared to the baseline model, highlighting enhanced stability and landing safety. The process involved iterative refinement, with the AI generating multiple design drafts that were scaled and fabricated using 3D-printable polylactic acid material. Researchers believe that future iterations using lighter materials could achieve even higher jumps. Beyond jumping robots, the team envisions applying diffusion models to optimize how parts connect and to design robots with more complex capabilities, such as directional control and
roboticsartificial-intelligencegenerative-AIrobot-design3D-printingmaterials-sciencerobotics-innovationPowerful US EV battery endures 1,000 cycles, charges 80% in 10 mins
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a novel lightweight electric vehicle (EV) battery technology that significantly enhances fast-charging capabilities and energy density while reducing reliance on critical metals like copper and aluminum. The breakthrough centers on a new current collector design—a polymer layer sandwiched between thin metal layers—that shrinks the metal core by 80%, enabling the battery to recharge up to 80% capacity in just 10 minutes. This innovation also improves energy capacity by 27%, maintains high energy density after 1,000 charge cycles, and reduces manufacturing costs by up to 85%. Developed in partnership with Soteria Battery Innovation Group, the polymer-metal current collector not only lightens the battery to a quarter of the weight of conventional designs but also enhances safety by acting as an internal circuit breaker to prevent short circuits and fires. The technology is compatible with industry-standard roll-to-roll manufacturing processes, overcoming challenges such as polymer wrinkling
energyelectric-vehiclesbattery-technologyfast-charginglithium-ion-batteriesmaterials-scienceenergy-storageUS supercomputer unlocks nuclear salt reactor secrets with AI power
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a novel artificial intelligence (AI) framework that models the behavior of molten lithium chloride with quantum-level accuracy but in a fraction of the time required by traditional methods. Utilizing the Summit supercomputer, the machine-learning model predicts key thermodynamic properties of the salt in both liquid and solid states by training on a limited set of first-principles data. This approach dramatically reduces computational time from days to hours while maintaining high precision, addressing a major challenge in nuclear engineering related to understanding molten salts at extreme reactor temperatures. Molten salts are critical for advanced nuclear reactors as coolants, fuel solvents, and energy storage media due to their stability at high temperatures. However, their complex properties—such as melting point, heat capacity, and corrosion behavior—are difficult to measure or simulate accurately. ORNL’s AI-driven method bridges the gap between fast but less precise molecular dynamics and highly accurate but computationally expensive quantum simulations. This breakthrough enables faster, more reliable
energyAInuclear-reactorsmolten-saltsmachine-learningsupercomputingmaterials-scienceChina makes first advanced cryomodule for nuclear research facility
China has achieved a significant breakthrough in particle accelerator technology by developing its first high-performance double-spoke superconducting cavity cryomodule. This advancement supports Phase II of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS-II), a leading facility for nuclear physics and advanced materials research. The two superconducting cavities demonstrated impressive acceleration strengths of 12.8 and 15.2 megavolts per meter during pulsed operation tests. Key technical improvements included reducing peak electric fields, preventing multipacting, and simplifying manufacturing, complemented by a novel chemical polishing technique that enhanced cavity quality factors (Q-values exceeding 3.4×10¹⁰ at 9 MV/m). The cryomodule design incorporates carbon fiber tie rods to minimize heat loss and allow precise cavity positioning under cryogenic conditions, alongside a carefully controlled cooling process to maintain high performance. The CSNS, the world’s fourth pulsed accelerator-driven neutron source, reached its initial design power of 100 kilowatts in 2020
energynuclear-researchsuperconducting-cavitycryomoduleparticle-acceleratorfusion-energymaterials-scienceJapan connects quantum and classical in historic supercomputing first
Japan has unveiled the world’s most advanced quantum–classical hybrid computing system by integrating IBM’s latest 156-qubit Heron quantum processor with its flagship Fugaku supercomputer. This historic installation, located in Kobe and operated by Japan’s national research lab RIKEN, represents the first IBM Quantum System Two deployed outside the U.S. The Heron processor offers a tenfold improvement in quality and speed over its predecessor, enabling it to run quantum circuits beyond the reach of classical brute-force simulations. This fusion of quantum and classical computing marks a significant step toward “quantum-centric supercomputing,” where the complementary strengths of both paradigms are harnessed to solve complex problems. The direct, low-latency connection between Heron and Fugaku allows for instruction-level coordination, facilitating the development of practical quantum-classical hybrid algorithms. Researchers at RIKEN plan to apply this system primarily to challenges in chemistry and materials science, aiming to pioneer high-performance computing workflows that benefit both scientific research and industry
quantum-computingsupercomputinghybrid-computingmaterials-sciencehigh-performance-computingIBM-QuantumRIKEN5,000 cycle lifespan zinc batteries possible with new breakthrough
Researchers from the University of Technology Sydney and the University of Manchester have developed a zinc-ion battery with a significantly extended lifespan, capable of over 5,000 charge-discharge cycles—about 50% more than current versions. This breakthrough addresses a major limitation of zinc-ion batteries, which traditionally degrade quickly due to internal component wear during repeated cycling. The innovation hinges on two key advances: the creation of a 2-dimensional superlattice material composed of manganese oxide and graphene layers, and the exploitation of the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, a quantum phenomenon that allows atomic-level stress relief. Together, these innovations prevent the cathode from deteriorating, enabling longer battery life and improved durability. Beyond longevity, the new zinc-ion battery offers several advantages over lithium-ion technology. It is safer, as zinc-ion batteries do not pose the same fire risks as lithium-ion cells, and it is more environmentally friendly, using water-based, low-temperature, and non-toxic manufacturing processes. Additionally, zinc is abundant and
energyzinc-ion-batteriesbattery-technologymaterials-sciencequantum-phenomenonsustainable-energyenergy-storageQuantum embezzlement is hiding in known one-dimensional materials: Study
A recent study by researchers at Leibniz University Hannover in Germany has demonstrated that the phenomenon of quantum embezzlement—previously thought to exist only in idealized, infinite quantum systems—can actually occur in real, finite one-dimensional materials known as critical fermion chains. Quantum embezzlement is a unique form of entanglement where one system can supply entanglement to another, enabling state changes without itself being altered, analogous to borrowing resources without depletion. The study found that these critical fermion chains, which are highly entangled systems at phase transition points, satisfy the strict criteria for universal embezzlement, meaning they can assist in creating any entangled state across various scenarios. Importantly, the researchers showed that this embezzlement property is not limited to infinite systems (the thermodynamic limit) but also emerges in large, finite fermion chains that could be experimentally realized. This suggests that quantum embezzlement is not merely a theoretical curiosity but a physical effect
quantum-materialsfermion-chainsquantum-entanglementquantum-information-transferquantum-physicsquantum-embezzlementmaterials-scienceSurprise finding in semiconductor research fixes zinc battery flaw
Researchers at Purdue Polytechnic Institute have made a surprising breakthrough that could significantly improve zinc battery technology. While working on low-temperature semiconductors for flexible electronics, the team discovered that a p-type tin oxide semiconductor layer can protect zinc anodes from corrosion and hydrogen evolution—two major factors that degrade zinc battery performance and lifespan. This accidental finding emerged during experiments with semiconductor thin films and has led to a patent application, highlighting its potential impact. Zinc batteries are valued for their safety, affordability, and environmental benefits compared to lithium-ion batteries, but their widespread use has been limited by short lifespans and performance issues. The tin oxide coating discovered by the Purdue researchers enhances the stability and durability of zinc anodes, potentially extending battery life and enabling broader commercial adoption. This innovation exemplifies how cross-disciplinary research can unlock new solutions, offering a scalable and sustainable approach for large-scale energy storage systems. The findings were published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science.
energyzinc-batteriessemiconductor-researchbattery-technologytin-oxideenergy-storagematerials-scienceLithium salt unleashes 93% retention breakthrough in sodium-ion battery tech
Researchers in Korea have developed a method to significantly improve the cycle stability and capacity retention of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) by adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) to the battery electrolyte. This innovation resulted in a battery retaining 92.7% of its capacity after 400 charge-discharge cycles, a notable improvement over the typical 80% retention seen in similar SIBs. The lithium salt additive enhances the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the hard carbon anode, which is less soluble and reduces electrolyte decomposition, thereby protecting the anode. Additionally, lithium ions partially dope the surface of the O3-type cathode, creating “Li-ion pillars” that reinforce the cathode’s layered structure and reduce gas evolution during cycling. This dual-action process—anode protection and cathode reinforcement—was confirmed through electrochemical mass spectrometry and microscopy, showing reduced CO2 evolution and preserved electrode structures. The scalable synthesis
energysodium-ion-batterieslithium-saltbattery-technologyelectrolyteenergy-storagematerials-scienceUS battery breakthrough boasts 1,300 cycles and zero Chinese materials
Boston-based startup Pure Lithium, led by CEO Emilie Bodoin, has developed a lithium metal battery that promises significant advancements over conventional lithium-ion cells. The battery boasts over 1,300 charge-discharge cycles and eliminates reliance on critical minerals such as graphite, cobalt, nickel, and manganese—materials often sourced or processed in China. Instead, Pure Lithium uses a proprietary “Brine to Battery” process to extract pure lithium metal anodes directly from brine, paired with a vanadium cathode that enhances fire resistance and allows operation at temperatures up to 700°C. This design not only improves energy density but also reduces material costs and environmental concerns associated with traditional lithium-ion batteries. This innovation comes amid growing U.S. efforts to reduce dependence on China, which currently dominates around 90% of global rare earth production and supplies half of America’s critical mineral imports. Pure Lithium’s approach aligns with national priorities to secure domestic supply chains for clean energy technologies. The company is expanding its lithium production and
energylithium-batterybattery-technologymaterials-scienceenergy-storageclean-energysupply-chain-independenceA Deeper Look at Hidden Damage: Nano-CT Imaging Maps Internal Battery Degradation - CleanTechnica
The article discusses advances in understanding and improving lithium-ion battery recycling through high-resolution nano-CT imaging, led by researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Lithium-ion batteries rely on scarce and valuable minerals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite, with much of the global supply chain controlled by China. To reduce dependence on foreign markets and extend the lifespan of critical materials, direct recycling of battery cathodes within the United States is being explored as a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional recycling methods, which are energy-intensive and break materials down to their elemental forms. NREL’s nano-CT scanner, capable of 50-nanometer spatial resolution, allows nondestructive, real-time visualization of internal battery structures, revealing microscopic degradation that impacts battery performance. Researchers found that although end-of-life battery materials retained similar energy capacity to new cells, their charging rates were significantly reduced due to morphological damage—specifically, particle cracking within the cathode microstructure. This insight
energybattery-technologylithium-ion-batteriesnano-CT-imagingmaterials-sciencebattery-recyclingenergy-storageWorld's first test shakes 3D-printed homes to check earthquake safety
The University of Bristol has conducted the world’s first large-scale earthquake safety test on a 3D-printed concrete home using the UK’s largest shaking table. This experiment aimed to evaluate whether 3D-printed homes can withstand seismic forces, addressing concerns about the structural integrity of this emerging construction method. By subjecting a quasi-real-scale 3D-printed concrete unit to progressively intense shaking, researchers closely monitored its response to identify potential weaknesses such as cracking or displacement. The goal is to compare 3D-printed structures with traditional buildings, validate computational seismic models, and ultimately determine if 3D-printed concrete can meet current earthquake safety standards. The project, led by Dr. De Risi, seeks to optimize design parameters like layer bonding and reinforcement integration to improve seismic performance. These findings are intended to inform engineers, architects, and policymakers, potentially leading to new building codes that incorporate additive manufacturing technologies. As 3D printing gains popularity for its affordability and sustainability, this research addresses
3D-printingearthquake-safetyconstruction-technologymaterials-scienceconcrete-innovationseismic-testingadditive-manufacturingA new programmable platform decodes the selective spin of electrons
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a novel programmable platform that replicates the conditions underlying the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, a quantum phenomenon where electrons exhibit spin-dependent transport when passing through chiral (twisted) molecules. This effect, first discovered in the late 1990s, has been observed in biological systems such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration but remained poorly understood due to the complexity and variability of real biomolecules. The new artificial system uses a layered material composed of lanthanum aluminate and strontium titanate, on which researchers "draw" spiral-like electron pathways using a microscopic probe that modulates voltage in sync with its movement, creating chiral waveguides that break mirror symmetry. This engineered platform allows precise control over the geometry and parameters of the chiral channels, enabling systematic study of spin-dependent quantum transport phenomena. Experiments revealed unusual conductance patterns and electron pairing behaviors consistent with theoretical models where spiral geometry induces spin-orbit coupling,
quantum-transportchiral-induced-spin-selectivityprogrammable-platformelectron-spinmaterials-sciencequantum-materialsenergy-applicationsShapeshifting perovskites can help make solar devices, LEDs more efficient
Researchers from the University of Utah have demonstrated that wafer-thin Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal-halide hybrid perovskites, a class of two-dimensional layered materials composed of alternating inorganic and organic sheets, exhibit temperature-dependent phase transitions that significantly influence their optical properties. These phase transitions, akin to changes between different solid states as seen in water, alter the structure of the inorganic layers through the melting and disordering of organic chains, thereby modulating the material’s light emission wavelength and intensity. This dynamic tunability enables the emission wavelength to be adjusted across a broad spectrum from ultraviolet to near-infrared, offering valuable control for optoelectronic applications such as LEDs and thermal energy storage. The study highlights that these perovskites’ optical properties shift continuously with temperature due to subtle structural distortions, revealing a strong interplay between organic and inorganic components that can be manipulated at the molecular level. Importantly, perovskites present a promising alternative to traditional silicon in solar cell
perovskitesmaterials-sciencerenewable-energysolar-technologyLEDsthermal-energy-storageoptoelectronicsNew approach allows to insert, monitor quantum defects in real time
Researchers from the UK’s universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Manchester have developed a novel two-step fabrication method that enables the precise insertion and real-time monitoring of quantum defects—specifically Group IV centers such as tin-vacancy centers—in synthetic diamonds. These quantum defects, created by implanting single tin atoms into diamond with nanometer accuracy using a focused ion beam, serve as spin-photon interfaces essential for storing and transmitting quantum information. The process is activated and controlled via ultrafast laser annealing, which excites the defect centers without damaging the diamond and provides spectral feedback for in-situ monitoring and control during fabrication. This breakthrough addresses a major challenge in reliably producing Group IV quantum defects, which are prized for their high symmetry and favorable optical and spin properties. The ability to monitor defect activation in real time allows researchers to efficiently and precisely create quantum emitters, paving the way for scalable quantum networks that could enable ultrafast, secure quantum computing and sensing technologies. The method’s versatility also suggests
quantum-defectsdiamond-materialsnanoscale-engineeringquantum-computingquantum-sensingmaterials-sciencequantum-technologyNew zinc-iodine battery retains 99.8% capacity after 500 cycles
Scientists at the University of Adelaide in Australia have developed a novel dry electrode technology for zinc-iodine batteries that significantly enhances their performance and stability. This breakthrough involves mixing active materials as dry powders and rolling them into thick, self-supporting electrodes, combined with adding 1,3,5-trioxane to the electrolyte. This chemical induces the formation of a flexible protective film on the zinc anode during charging, preventing dendrite growth—needle-like structures that can cause short circuits. The new electrodes achieve a record-high active material loading of 100 mg/cm², resulting in pouch cells retaining 88.6% capacity after 750 cycles and coin cells maintaining 99.8% capacity after 500 cycles. Zinc-iodine batteries are considered safer, more sustainable, and cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale and grid energy storage, but have historically lagged in performance. This innovation addresses those limitations by reducing iodine leakage, minimizing self-discharge, and extending cycle life
energybattery-technologyzinc-iodine-batteryenergy-storagesustainable-energygrid-storagematerials-scienceAre Those Viral ‘Cooling Blankets’ for Real?
The article examines the popular concept of "cooling blankets" circulating on social media, clarifying that most marketed products do not truly cool the body. While these blankets may be more breathable and less heat-retentive than traditional blankets, they do not actively lower body temperature; in fact, simply having no blanket is generally cooler. The article explains the physics behind temperature and heat transfer, emphasizing that heat flows from warmer to cooler objects until equilibrium is reached, and that "coolness" cannot be transferred. Blankets function primarily as insulators, slowing heat exchange between the body and the environment. When a person is hot and uses a blanket, it usually traps heat and makes them feel warmer unless the surrounding air is hotter than body temperature. However, a blanket initially cooler than the body can absorb some thermal energy, providing a brief cooling effect until temperatures equalize. The article suggests that an effective cooling blanket would need a high mass and specific heat capacity to absorb more body heat and maintain a cooler temperature
energythermal-energyheat-transferspecific-heat-capacityinsulationcooling-technologymaterials-scienceSolid lithium-air battery delivers 4x energy, 1,000 lifecycles
Researchers at the Illinois Institute of Technology and Argonne National Laboratory have developed a solid-state lithium-air battery that achieves four times the energy density of traditional lithium-ion batteries, potentially rivaling gasoline in energy storage capacity. This breakthrough is enabled by a novel four-electron chemical reaction at room temperature, allowing the formation and reversible decomposition of lithium oxide (Li₂O), which stores significantly more energy than the lithium superoxide or lithium peroxide reactions used in previous lithium-air batteries. The battery employs a solid ceramic-polymer electrolyte embedded with lithium-rich nanoparticles, replacing flammable liquid electrolytes to enhance safety and electrochemical stability. A key component of this innovation is the trimolybdenum phosphide (Mo₃P) catalyst, which facilitates the stable four-electron transfer reaction over extended use. The battery demonstrated durability of at least 1,000 charge-discharge cycles at room temperature without significant degradation. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy confirmed the reversible lithium oxide reaction, validating the approach. With an estimated energy density of 1,200 watt-hours per kilogram, this technology promises to dramatically extend electric vehicle range, reduce battery size and weight, and improve the safety and efficiency of renewable energy storage. Supported by major funding agencies, this advancement could pave the way for a new generation of high-capacity, safe, and sustainable batteries.
energylithium-air-batterysolid-state-electrolytebattery-technologyenergy-storageelectric-vehiclesmaterials-scienceBiology-inspired solid-state battery boosts EV range to 500 miles
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a novel solid-state battery that blends lithium with soft sodium metal, significantly reducing the high pressure typically required for solid-state battery operation. This breakthrough addresses a major limitation of solid-state batteries, which usually need heavy and bulky metal plates to maintain pressure, making them impractical for widespread use. By incorporating sodium, which is electrochemically inactive but very soft, the battery maintains better contact with the solid electrolyte under lower pressure, enhancing performance and potentially enabling lighter, longer-lasting batteries. The team drew inspiration from biology, specifically the concept of morphogenesis, to explain how the sodium-lithium combination adapts structurally during battery use. This biological analogy helped them understand the deformable nature of sodium within the battery, which adjusts to changes and improves stability. Funded partly by DARPA, the research promises significant advancements, including electric vehicles capable of traveling 500 miles on a single charge and longer-lasting phone batteries. While commercialization challenges remain, this innovation could mark a major leap forward in battery technology by making solid-state batteries more competitive with current lithium-ion standards.
energysolid-state-batterylithium-ionsodium-lithium-batteryelectric-vehiclesbattery-technologymaterials-scienceUS scientists develop real-time defect detection for 3D metal printing
Scientists from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Virginia have developed a novel method to detect defects, specifically keyhole pores, in metal parts produced by 3D printing using laser powder bed fusion. Keyhole pores are tiny internal cavities formed when excessive laser energy creates deep, narrow holes that trap gas, compromising the structural integrity and performance of critical components such as aerospace parts and medical implants. The new approach combines thermal imaging, X-ray imaging, and machine learning to predict pore formation in real-time by correlating surface heat patterns with internal defects captured via powerful X-rays. This method leverages existing thermal cameras already installed on many 3D printers, enabling instant detection of internal flaws without the need for continuous expensive X-ray imaging. The AI model, trained on synchronized thermal and X-ray data, can identify pore formation within milliseconds, allowing for immediate intervention. Researchers envision integrating this technology with automatic correction systems that adjust printing parameters or reprint layers on the fly, thereby improving reliability, reducing waste, and enhancing safety in manufacturing mission-critical metal parts. Future work aims to expand defect detection capabilities and develop repair mechanisms during the additive manufacturing process.
3D-printingmetal-additive-manufacturingdefect-detectionmachine-learningthermal-imagingX-ray-imagingmaterials-sciencePrecisely built platinum-based catalyst oxidizes CO nine times better
catalystsplatinumceriumchemical-reactionsenergy-efficiencymaterials-sciencecarbon-monoxide-oxidation100% Solid-State EV Batteries Seal The Deal: No More Gasmobiles - CleanTechnica
energysolid-state-batterieselectric-vehiclessustainable-technologybattery-technologyautomotive-innovationmaterials-scienceNew water flow battery hits 600 high-current cycles with no capacity loss
energybattery-technologysolar-energyflow-batteriesmaterials-scienceresidential-energy-storagerenewable-energyPhotos: World's tallest 3D-printed tower blends tech, art, and climate
robotics3D-printingdigital-designarchitectureconstruction-technologyCO₂-capturematerials-scienceZEUS: US facility fires world’s most powerful laser at 2 petawatts
energylaser-technologymaterials-sciencequantum-physicsplasma-sciencescientific-discoveryhigh-field-scienceGM, Ford Tease New Game Changing LMR EV Batteries … But Where Is Waldo?
energyEV-batterieslithium-manganesematerials-scienceautomotive-technologyTeslaFordMeet the companies racing to build quantum chips
quantum-computingquantum-chipstech-startupstechnology-innovationqubitscybersecuritymaterials-science