Articles tagged with "nanotechnology"
Nanowires let scientists watch astrocytes grow and branch in real time
Scientists from Johns Hopkins University and the National Research Council of Italy have developed a novel nanowire platform that enables astrocytes—the brain’s most abundant but previously difficult-to-study support cells—to grow in their natural star-like shape outside the body for the first time. Traditional glass culture dishes cause astrocytes to collapse into unnatural forms, obscuring their true behavior. The new platform uses transparent mats of glass nanowires that mimic the fibrous texture of brain tissue, allowing astrocytes to regain their characteristic branching morphology. This advancement is coupled with a high-resolution, label-free 3D imaging technique that lets researchers observe astrocyte growth and morphological changes in real time without invasive stains or fluorescent tags. This breakthrough has significant implications for neuroscience research and neuroengineering. Since astrocytes play critical roles in regulating neuronal communication, maintaining the blood-brain barrier, and supporting neural circuits, studying them in their authentic form opens new avenues for understanding neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
nanowiresmaterials-sciencebrain-on-a-chipneuroengineeringnanotechnologycell-culturebiomedical-materialsNew nanotech method loads stem cells with extra mitochondria to recharge dying cells
Scientists at Texas A&M University have developed a novel nanotechnology-based method to enhance stem cells by loading them with extra mitochondria, the cell’s energy-producing structures, to rejuvenate weakened or dying cells. Using microscopic molybdenum disulfide "nanoflowers," the researchers stimulated stem cells to produce roughly twice their normal mitochondrial content. These mitochondria-enriched stem cells then transferred the surplus mitochondria to damaged cells, restoring their energy output and improving their survival under stress conditions such as chemotherapy-like insults. This approach effectively "recharges" failing cells without relying on drugs or genetic modifications. The technique shows promise for treating age-related and degenerative diseases linked to mitochondrial decline, including heart disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Unlike existing small-molecule drugs that rapidly clear from cells, the nanoflowers remain inside stem cells longer, potentially allowing for less frequent dosing. The method’s flexibility allows targeted delivery of enhanced stem cells to various tissues, such as the heart or muscles, broad
nanotechnologystem-cellsmitochondriaenergy-restorationbiomedical-engineeringnanomaterialscellular-therapySolar Cells To Cure Coal Fever With Quantum Dots
The article discusses recent advancements in solar cell technology, particularly focusing on quantum dot solar cells, which are poised to enhance the solar industry despite political efforts favoring coal. Quantum dots are ultra-small semiconductor particles whose optical properties can be precisely tuned, allowing for improved solar energy conversion. Although early quantum dot solar cells had low efficiencies (around 2.9% in 2010), significant progress has been made, with efficiencies reaching 13.4% by early 2024 due to better understanding of quantum dot connectivity, device structures, and defect reduction. While conventional solar cells already surpass 13.4% efficiency, quantum dots offer the potential to lower manufacturing costs and improve efficiency in multi-material solar cells, making solar power even more economical and scalable. A notable development is the partnership between quantum dot startup UbiQD and First Solar to enhance bifacial solar panels, which capture sunlight on both sides. First Solar estimates that applying a thin quantum dot film on the back side of these panels could boost
energysolar-cellsquantum-dotsrenewable-energymaterials-sciencenanotechnologyclean-energyLight-controlled material changes shape in 1D, 2D, or 3D on demand
Japanese researchers at Chiba University have developed a novel supramolecular polymer system capable of dynamically changing its structure in one, two, or three dimensions by modulating light intensity. This material combines a light-responsive azobenzene unit with a barbituric acid-based merocyanine core, enabling it to exhibit supramolecular polymorphism controlled by light. Initially forming 1D coiled nanofibers, the system naturally transitions into 2D nanosheets under ambient light. When exposed to strong ultraviolet (UV) light, the material reverses back into 1D nanofibers due to photoisomerization disrupting hydrogen bonds, while weak UV light induces the formation of 3D nanocrystals through Ostwald ripening, where smaller nanosheets dissolve and redeposit onto larger ones. This research addresses a fundamental challenge in materials science: creating out-of-equilibrium molecular assemblies that adapt their structure based on the amount of energy input, mimicking living organisms. The ability
materialssmart-materialssupramolecular-polymerlight-responsive-materialsnanotechnologyadaptive-materialsphotoisomerizationNanotube design could shrink particle accelerators to hair-thin size
New research demonstrates that particle accelerators capable of producing intense, coherent X-rays—traditionally generated only by massive synchrotron facilities—could be miniaturized to fit on a table using carbon nanotubes combined with laser light. The key innovation involves exploiting surface plasmon polaritons, waves formed when laser light interacts with a material’s surface. Simulations showed that a circularly polarized laser pulse traveling through tiny hollow carbon nanotubes can trap and accelerate electrons in a synchronized spiral, producing coherent X-ray radiation amplified by up to 100 times. Carbon nanotubes, arranged in vertically aligned arrays called "forests," serve as ideal channels for this corkscrewing laser light, tolerating electric fields far stronger than conventional accelerators and enabling electric fields of several teravolts per meter—exceeding current technology limits. This advancement could democratize access to high-quality X-ray sources, currently limited to large national facilities with competitive access. Tabletop accelerators could enable hospitals, universities,
nanotubesparticle-acceleratorscarbon-nanotubesmaterials-sciencenanotechnologyX-ray-technologyadvanced-materialsMagnetic tiny robots deliver drugs directly to clots to fight strokes
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed magnetic microrobots designed to deliver clot-dissolving drugs directly to stroke-causing thrombi, achieving over a 95% success rate in targeted drug delivery. These tiny spherical capsules feature a soluble gel shell embedded with iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic guidance and tantalum nanoparticles for X-ray tracking. The microrobots are precisely navigated through blood vessels using a modular electromagnetic system that combines three magnetic strategies, enabling controlled movement at speeds up to 4 millimeters per second along vessel walls. This targeted approach aims to reduce the side effects associated with systemic clot-dissolving drugs, such as internal bleeding. The microrobots release their drug payload when heated by a high-frequency magnetic field, dissolving the gel shell at the target site. Tested in realistic silicone vessel models, the robots successfully located and dissolved blood clots, and further in vivo trials demonstrated effective navigation in pigs and sheep, including through complex cerebral fluid environments. Beyond stroke treatment,
roboticsmicrorobotsdrug-deliverymagnetic-navigationmedical-technologynanotechnologystroke-treatmentCrystal power: iron minerals tear through plastic pollutants
Scientists led by Prof. Chuanjia Jiang at Nankai University have discovered that the crystal structure of natural iron oxyhydroxide nanominerals significantly influences the breakdown rate of organophosphate esters (OPEs), toxic chemical additives used in plastics. These additives, which act as flame retardants and softeners, are widespread pollutants suspected of disrupting endocrine systems in humans and animals. The study tested three common iron minerals—goethite, akaganeite, and lepidocrocite—using a model compound to assess their catalytic efficiency in hydrolyzing OPEs. Lepidocrocite was found to be the most effective catalyst due to its surface iron atoms generating strong electric fields that facilitate pollutant degradation, while akaganeite bound pollutants more tightly but was less reactive. This research highlights that the nanoscale crystal structure of iron minerals determines their catalytic activity in breaking down plastic additives, a process naturally occurring in soils and sediments worldwide. The findings suggest that
materialsiron-mineralsnanomineralsplastic-pollutionenvironmental-catalysispollutant-degradationnanotechnologyChina's new cryogenic trick can reduce 99% of microchip defects
Chinese researchers from Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the University of Hong Kong have developed a novel cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) technique to dramatically reduce defects in microchip manufacturing, specifically during the photolithography process. Photolithography involves using light to pattern circuits on silicon wafers coated with a photoresist, but microscopic particles formed during the chemical development stage often cause defects that ruin chips, especially at cutting-edge 5-nanometer or smaller nodes. Previously, manufacturers could not observe the behavior of the photoresist developer liquid in detail, making defect causes difficult to pinpoint. By rapidly freezing the developer liquid at –175°C mid-process and using electron tomography to create 3D molecular-level images, the team discovered that photoresist polymers form tangled clumps through weak hydrophobic interactions, creating 30–40 nm particles. About 70% of these molecules fail to dissolve properly and accumulate at the air-liquid interface, later redepositing on
materialssemiconductor-manufacturingmicrochip-defectscryo-electron-tomographyphotolithographychip-productionnanotechnologyMiraqules will showcase its blood clotting technology at TechCrunch Disrupt 2025
Bengaluru-based startup Miraqules has developed an innovative nanotechnology powder that mimics blood clotting proteins, enabling rapid blood absorption and clotting within one to two minutes at room temperature. The technology emerged accidentally during biomedical research and was refined into a product that provides instant feedback by stopping bleeding quickly when applied. Miraqules has secured 11 patents across seven countries, including India, the U.S., and Israel, and is currently piloting its product in an Indian trauma care center. The company anticipates regulatory approval in India soon and expects U.S. FDA clearance by 2026. Despite raising less than $700,000 primarily through grants, Miraqules has attracted interest from multiple hospital chains in India and the Israeli Defense Forces. The founders engaged early with the U.S. FDA through pre-submission feedback to streamline the approval process. Miraqules will showcase its blood clotting technology as a Top 20 finalist at TechCrunch Disrupt 2025, held October
materialsnanotechnologybiomaterialsblood-clottingmedical-technologybiomedical-engineeringpatentsGraphene boosts accuracy in lithium detection, could help make reliable sensors
Researchers at the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) have demonstrated that integrating graphene into solid-contact lithium-selective electrodes significantly improves lithium detection accuracy and sensor reliability. Graphene’s unique electrical and surface properties—such as high capacitance, hydrophobicity, and minimal potential drift—make it an ideal ion-to-electron transducer. This enhancement addresses longstanding challenges in sensor technology related to precision, durability, and stable voltage readings by preventing water layer formation and ensuring efficient ion signal transmission. The study, published in Microchemical Journal as part of the NGS–New Generation Storage project, highlights graphene-modified electrodes’ superior performance compared to other materials. This advancement supports the development of next-generation potentiometric sensors with exceptional sensitivity, reproducibility, and robustness. Potential applications span healthcare monitoring, energy storage systems, industrial processes, and environmental analysis, where reliable and accurate lithium measurement is critical. Overall, leveraging graphene’s properties paves the way for more dependable and versatile lithium sensors capable of maintaining consistent
graphenelithium-sensorsenergy-storagematerials-sciencesensor-technologynanotechnologyelectrode-designOLED pixel smaller than a human hair may enable wearable displays
Researchers at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg have developed the world’s smallest light-emitting OLED pixel, measuring just 300 by 300 nanometers—thinner than a human hair. This breakthrough overcomes previous miniaturization limits caused by the wavelength of emitted light, using optical antennas and a metallic contact that injects current while amplifying light. The pixel’s brightness matches that of conventional OLED pixels much larger in size, enabling the potential to fit a full 1080p display within a single square millimeter. This advancement could revolutionize wearable displays by allowing ultra-compact, high-resolution screens integrated directly into eyeglass arms or even contact lenses. The team addressed technical challenges such as uneven current distribution and short-circuiting by adding a custom insulation layer with a 200-nanometer opening, ensuring pixel stability for at least two weeks under ambient conditions. While current efficiency is around 1%, researchers aim to improve this and expand the color range to full RGB. The
materialsOLEDnano-OLEDwearable-displayssmart-glassesdisplay-technologynanotechnologyChina’s cutting-edge camera captures neurons ‘kissing’ in real time
Chinese scientists have resolved a 50-year neuroscience debate by capturing, for the first time, the millisecond-scale moment when neurons “kiss” — the brief contact between synaptic vesicles and the cell membrane during neurotransmitter release. Using a revolutionary imaging technology developed over 15 years, researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) and the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology created a cryogenic electron microscopy platform capable of imaging neural activity at nanometer resolution and millisecond intervals. This time-resolved cellular cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) system allowed them to observe synaptic vesicle exocytosis in real time, overcoming previous limitations of traditional microscopy. Their observations revealed a unified “kiss-shrink-run” model of synaptic transmission. Within four milliseconds of activation, vesicles form a tiny fusion pore (“kiss”), then shrink to about half their surface area, and by 70 milliseconds, most vesicles detach and recycle via a “run-away” pathway,
materialsnanotechnologycryo-electron-microscopyneuroscience-imagingsynaptic-vesiclescellular-imagingadvanced-microscopyNanoparticles repair brain barrier, reverse Alzheimer’s in mice
A novel nanotechnology-based therapy using “supramolecular drugs” has demonstrated promising results in reversing Alzheimer’s disease in mouse models by targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) rather than neurons directly. Developed collaboratively by the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, these engineered nanoparticles restore the BBB’s function, which is crucial for protecting the brain and clearing toxic proteins like amyloid-beta (Aβ). In treated mice, a significant reduction (50-60%) in brain Aβ levels was observed within an hour after injection, and long-term treatment led to behavioral and memory recovery comparable to that of healthy younger mice. The therapy works by reactivating the LRP1 protein, a molecular gatekeeper responsible for transporting Aβ across the BBB for elimination. In Alzheimer’s, this clearance system is impaired, but the nanoparticles mimic LRP1 ligands, binding to Aβ and restoring the brain’s natural waste disposal mechanism. This breaks
nanoparticlesnanotechnologyAlzheimer's-diseaseblood-brain-barriersupramolecular-drugsbrain-repairbiomedical-materialsTiny gold mirror could make solar panels lighter, cheaper, and stronger
Researchers at the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), in collaboration with Uppsala University, have developed an innovative ultrathin solar cell featuring a nanostructured gold mirror that significantly enhances light trapping and efficiency. By applying a very thin, patterned gold layer coated with aluminum oxide on the back of the cell, the design reflects light back into the cell for a second absorption, boosting efficiency by about 1.5%. The aluminum oxide layer also serves to reduce electrical losses through interface passivation, preventing energy-wasting electron recombination. This approach addresses two major challenges in ultrathin solar cells: improving photon capture and minimizing energy loss, thereby making these cells more practical for real-world applications. The team employed a cost-effective and scalable one-step nanoimprint lithography technique to create the nanostructured mirror, enabling industrial-scale production. Tested on ultrathin ACIGS thin-film solar cells, the new design showed optimal performance when manufactured at 450 °C,
energysolar-cellsnanotechnologythin-film-solargold-nano-mirrorlight-trappingflexible-solar-panelsMembrane extracts lithium from brines faster, cleaner for batteries
Researchers at Rice University have developed an innovative nanotechnology-based membrane that selectively filters lithium from saltwater brines more quickly and sustainably than traditional methods. Unlike the current large-scale lithium extraction process, which relies on slow evaporation ponds and heavy chemical use—taking over a year and consuming vast amounts of water—the new membrane uses electrodialysis to pass lithium ions through while blocking other abundant ions like sodium, calcium, and magnesium. This selective filtration is achieved by embedding lithium titanium oxide (LTO) nanoparticles into the membrane, whose crystal structure is precisely sized to allow lithium ions to pass, enhancing energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact. The membrane’s design incorporates a defect-free polyamide layer grafted with amine groups to evenly blend the LTO nanoparticles, resulting in a strong, durable material that maintained performance over two weeks of continuous use. Its modular three-layer architecture allows for independent optimization, making the technology adaptable for extracting other valuable minerals such as cobalt and nickel. This advancement represents a significant step toward cleaner
energylithium-extractionnanotechnologymembrane-technologybattery-materialssustainable-energyelectrodialysisDragonfly Energy & Dry Electrode Battery Manufacturing — CleanTech Talk - CleanTechnica
The article highlights a CleanTech Talk podcast featuring Dr. Denis Phares, CEO of Dragonfly Energy, discussing innovations in dry electrode battery manufacturing. Dragonfly Energy’s dry electrode process offers significant advantages over traditional methods, including a 25% reduction in energy use and approximately 5% lower production costs by eliminating solvent recovery and drying steps. This approach also accelerates production speed and is easily scalable to meet future demand. In addition to cost and efficiency benefits, Dragonfly’s technology enhances sustainability by avoiding toxic solvents such as N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and harmful PFAS chemicals, leading to reduced hazardous waste, lower water consumption, and a 9% reduction in carbon emissions. The process produces uniform electrode coatings that improve battery energy density, safety, and cycle life, while being compatible with various lithium-ion chemistries for next-generation battery applications. The podcast further explores comparisons with Tesla’s dry electrode manufacturing, as well as related topics like dye-sensitized solar cells,
energybattery-manufacturingdry-electrode-technologylithium-ion-batteriessustainabilitynanotechnologysolid-state-batteriesFirst quantum squeezing achieved with nanoscale particle motion
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have achieved a groundbreaking feat by demonstrating quantum squeezing of the motion of a levitated nanoscale particle. Quantum squeezing reduces the uncertainty in a particle’s position or velocity below the standard quantum limit set by zero-point fluctuations, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics. By levitating a glass nanoparticle in a vacuum and cooling it near its ground state, the team managed to measure a velocity distribution narrower than the quantum uncertainty limit, marking the first such observation for nanoscale particle motion. This experiment bridges the gap between microscopic quantum phenomena and larger-scale objects, offering a new platform to explore quantum mechanics at mesoscopic scales. The achievement required overcoming significant challenges, including stabilizing the levitated particle and minimizing environmental noise. The sensitivity of the nanoscale particle to external fluctuations, while initially a hurdle, now provides a powerful system for studying the boundary between classical and quantum physics. Beyond fundamental science, this advance holds promise for practical applications such as ultra-precise quantum sensors that could enable GPS
materialsquantum-physicsnanoscale-particlesquantum-squeezingsensorsquantum-mechanicsnanotechnologyNew chemistry shrinks microchips past the limits of human sight
Johns Hopkins researchers have developed a novel microchip manufacturing process that enables circuits to be carved with unprecedented precision at the 229-nanometer scale, producing features smaller than what the human eye can see. This advancement leverages new materials and laser techniques to create ultra-small, faster, and more cost-effective microchips suitable for widespread applications including smartphones and aerospace. The innovation addresses a key industry challenge: finding materials and processes that can endure the intense radiation needed to etch such tiny details economically and reliably in large-scale production. Central to this breakthrough is the use of metal-organic resists composed of metals like zinc combined with an organic compound called imidazole. These resists can withstand beyond extreme ultraviolet (B-EUV) radiation, which traditional materials cannot tolerate. The team employed a chemical liquid deposition (CLD) method to precisely engineer and test various metal-imidazole combinations, discovering that different metals perform optimally at different radiation wavelengths. Zinc, for example, is particularly effective for B
materialsmicrochipssemiconductor-manufacturingnanotechnologymetal-organic-compoundslithographychemical-depositionPhysicists create world's first time crystal visible to human eye
Physicists at the University of Colorado Boulder have created the world’s first time crystal visible to the human eye, using liquid crystals—the same materials found in phone displays. Unlike ordinary crystals with repeating spatial patterns, time crystals exhibit a repeating structure in time, with components that move and transform in a continuous cycle. By shining specific light on liquid crystal samples contained between glass plates coated with dye molecules, the researchers induced stable, swirling patterns that repeat over time and can be seen under a microscope or even with the naked eye under special conditions. This breakthrough builds on the theoretical concept proposed by Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek in 2012 and subsequent experimental realizations that were not visible without specialized equipment. The liquid crystal time crystals form through the movement and interaction of molecular “kinks” that behave like particles, creating dynamic, stable patterns resistant to temperature changes. The team envisions practical applications such as advanced anti-counterfeiting measures—embedding “time watermarks” in currency that reveal unique moving patterns
materialstime-crystalliquid-crystalsoptical-devicesanti-counterfeitingquantum-physicsnanotechnologyDiamonds created using electron beams, overturning 'common wisdom'
Researchers at the University of Tokyo, led by Professor Eiichi Nakamura, have developed a novel method to create nanodiamonds by irradiating adamantane—a cage-shaped hydrocarbon molecule with a diamond-like carbon skeleton—with electron beams inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Contrary to the prevailing belief that electron beams destroy organic molecules, their technique uses controlled electron irradiation to break carbon–hydrogen bonds and form new carbon–carbon bonds, transforming adamantane into defect-free nanodiamonds approximately 10 nanometers in diameter. This process occurs at relatively low pressures and without the extreme heat or crushing pressures traditionally required for diamond synthesis, marking a significant breakthrough in both synthetic diamond production and electron microscopy. The discovery not only challenges the long-standing assumption that electron beams irreversibly damage organic molecules but also opens new possibilities for material science and technology. The unique diamond-like structure of adamantane is crucial for this transformation, as other hydrocarbons did not yield similar results. Potential applications include advancements in
materialsnanodiamondssynthetic-diamondselectron-beamnanotechnologyquantum-technologytransmission-electron-microscopyGold’s hidden side: Scientists discover needle-shaped quantum clusters
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have discovered a novel form of gold nanoclusters—needle-shaped structures they call "gold quantum needles"—by capturing gold clusters at their earliest growth stages. Unlike typical gold nanoclusters that form roughly spherical shapes, these quantum needles grow unevenly, elongating through repeating units of three and four gold atoms. This unique atomic arrangement leads to quantum behavior, where electrons occupy fixed energy states. The discovery was made possible by deliberately slowing the growth process and analyzing the clusters with single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing unprecedented insight into the initial formation of gold nanoclusters, a process previously considered a "black box." The gold quantum needles exhibit strong interactions with near-infrared light, suggesting potential applications in biomedical imaging and energy conversion technologies. By understanding the stepwise growth of these clusters, researchers hope to develop methods to precisely control the shape and properties of nanoclusters, moving beyond the current unpredictability of their synthesis. While practical production and modification of these quantum
materialsnanoclustersquantum-needlesgold-nanomaterialsquantum-behaviornanotechnologyenergy-conversionNew carbon nanotube insulation can resist temperatures exceeding 4,700°F
Chinese researchers at Tsinghua University have developed a novel carbon nanotube-based insulation film capable of withstanding temperatures up to 4,712°F (2,600°C), significantly surpassing the limits of conventional insulators that typically fail above 2,732°F (1,500°C). This ultralight, porous, multilayered material is made by growing vertical carbon nanotube arrays and drawing them into thin sheets, which are then stacked or wound into layers. The structure effectively blocks all three modes of heat transfer—solid conduction, gas conduction, and radiative heat transfer—by exploiting the nanotubes’ nanoscale dimensions, pore size, and unique electronic properties that absorb and scatter infrared radiation. The new insulation exhibits an exceptionally low thermal conductivity of 0.004 W/mK at room temperature and 0.03 W/mK at 2,600°C, outperforming common high-temperature insulators like graphite felt, which has a thermal conductivity of 1.6 W/m
materialscarbon-nanotubeshigh-temperature-insulationthermal-conductivityaerospace-materialsenergy-applicationsnanotechnology3D-printed superconductors set new record in magnetic strength
Cornell researchers have developed a novel one-step 3D printing method to fabricate superconductors with record-setting magnetic performance. Using an ink composed of copolymers and inorganic nanoparticles that self-assemble during printing, followed by heat treatment, the team creates porous crystalline superconductors structured at atomic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. This streamlined “one-pot” process bypasses traditional multi-step fabrication methods, enabling complex 3D shapes such as coils and helices while enhancing material properties through mesoscale confinement. A key achievement of this work is the printing of niobium nitride superconductors exhibiting an upper critical magnetic field of 40–50 Tesla—the highest confinement-induced value reported for this compound—crucial for applications like MRI magnets. The researchers established a direct correlation between polymer molar mass and superconductor performance, providing a design map for tuning properties. Graduate students and faculty from materials science and physics contributed to overcoming chemical and engineering challenges. Supported by the National Science Foundation and
3D-printingsuperconductorsmaterials-sciencenanotechnologyquantum-materialscopolymersmagnetic-strengthQuantum freezing at room temperature locks nanoparticle at 92% purity
Scientists have achieved a significant breakthrough by freezing the rotational motion of a tiny glass nanoparticle at room temperature to a record quantum purity of 92%. This nanoparticle, though still extremely small, is much larger than typical quantum-scale objects and remains hot internally at several hundred degrees Celsius. Traditionally, observing quantum behavior in larger objects required cooling them near absolute zero and isolating them in vacuum to prevent environmental interference. However, this study bypasses those constraints by focusing solely on the particle’s rotational motion rather than its entire internal energy, enabling quantum ground-state cooling without massive cryogenic setups. The researchers used a slightly elliptical nanoparticle trapped in an electromagnetic field, where it naturally wobbles like a compass needle. By precisely controlling laser light within a high-finesse optical cavity and adjusting mirrors to favor energy removal over addition, they drained nearly all rotational energy, achieving about 0.04 quanta of residual energy. This delicate process also involved managing quantum noise from the lasers to maintain the purity of the
quantum-physicsnanoparticlesmaterials-sciencequantum-optomechanicsroom-temperature-quantum-effectsnanotechnologyquantum-purityBlack-hole mission could become reality with paperclip-sized nanocraft
Astrophysicist Cosimo Bambi from Fudan University has proposed a century-long mission to send a paperclip-sized, gram-scale nanocraft to a black hole located roughly 20 to 25 light-years from Earth. The probe would be propelled by powerful ground-based lasers pushing a light sail to about one-third the speed of light, enabling it to reach the target black hole in approximately 70 years, with an additional 20 years planned for data transmission back to Earth. The mission aims to test fundamental physics and general relativity by directly studying an isolated black hole, which would provide cleaner experimental conditions than Earth-based observations that rely on complex theoretical models. The mission faces significant challenges, including the difficulty of locating a sufficiently close black hole, as black holes emit no light and must be detected via their gravitational effects. If the nearest black hole is beyond 50 light-years, the mission becomes technologically unfeasible. Additionally, current technology does not yet support the creation of such a nan
nanocraftlaser-propulsionspace-explorationnanotechnologyinterstellar-missionmicrochip-technologylight-sailGold coating breakthrough boosts quantum chip stability and scale
Researchers at the University of California, Riverside, led by physicist Peng Wei, have developed a breakthrough technique to enhance the stability and scalability of quantum chips by applying an ultra-thin gold coating to superconducting materials. Quantum computers rely on qubits, which are highly sensitive to environmental noise and microscopic material defects that disrupt their fragile quantum states. Wei’s team addressed this by depositing a uniform gold layer about ten atoms thick onto niobium, a common superconducting metal used in quantum processors. This gold layer smooths out surface imperfections that typically trap Cooper pairs—electron pairs responsible for superconductivity—thereby reducing noise and preserving qubit coherence without impairing the superconducting properties. The gold coating acts as a chemically inert, stable shield that prevents oxidation and environmental interference, striking a balance between thickness and superconductivity. This innovation is compatible with existing chip fabrication processes, making it attractive for commercial quantum computing development. The technique has garnered interest from leading institutions such as MIT, NIST, and SEEQC
materialsquantum-computingsuperconducting-materialsgold-coatingqubit-stabilityquantum-chipnanotechnologyChinese scientists detect rare quantum friction in folded graphene
Chinese scientists from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, led by Professors Zhang Junyan and Gong Zhenbin, have experimentally observed quantum friction in folded graphene for the first time. By precisely folding graphene layers to create controlled curvature and internal strain, they altered electron behavior at the nanoscale. This strain forced electrons into fixed energy states called pseudo-Landau levels, reducing energy loss as heat and resulting in a nonlinear, sometimes decreasing friction pattern as the number of graphene layers increased. Their findings challenge classical friction models and provide the first direct evidence of quantum friction occurring between two solid surfaces. The research, conducted at ultra-low temperatures using a carefully engineered graphene system, opens new avenues for understanding friction at the atomic scale. The team plans to investigate whether similar quantum friction effects occur in other materials and under more practical conditions. Ultimately, this work could lead to technologies that better manage or minimize energy loss in nanoscale electronics and quantum computing devices by exploiting quantum friction phenomena. The study was published in Nature Communications
materialsgraphenequantum-frictionnanotechnologyenergy-efficiencynanomaterialsquantum-physicsNew optical microscope captures atomic world with one-nanometer precision
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking optical microscopy technique called ULA-SNOM (ultralow tip oscillation amplitude scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy) that achieves one-nanometer resolution, enabling the visualization of individual atoms using light rather than electrons. This innovation overcomes the longstanding diffraction limit of traditional optical microscopes, which restricts resolution to about 200 nanometers—too coarse to observe atomic-scale features. By precisely controlling a polished silver scanning tip to oscillate with an amplitude of just 0.5 to 1 nanometer under ultrahigh vacuum and cryogenic conditions (8 Kelvin), the team created a plasmonic cavity that confines light to a cubic nanometer volume, allowing detailed optical interaction with single atoms. The ULA-SNOM technique builds on existing scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) but significantly improves resolution by minimizing tip oscillation amplitude, balancing signal strength and noise reduction. The setup uses a 633-nanometer red laser to
materialsnanotechnologyoptical-microscopyatomic-resolutionscanning-near-field-optical-microscopyquantum-researchimaging-technologyAI-powered graphene tongue detects flavors with 98% precision
Scientists have developed an AI-powered artificial tongue using graphene oxide within a nanofluidic device that mimics human taste with remarkable accuracy. This system integrates both sensing and computing on a single platform, enabling it to detect chemical signals and classify flavors in real time, even in moist conditions similar to the human mouth. Trained on 160 chemicals representing common flavors, the device achieved about 98.5% accuracy in identifying known tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) and 75-90% accuracy on 40 new flavors, including complex mixtures like coffee and cola. This breakthrough marks a significant advancement over previous artificial taste systems by combining sensing and processing capabilities. The sensor exploits graphene oxide’s sensitivity to chemical changes, detecting subtle conductivity variations when exposed to flavor compounds. Coupled with machine learning, it effectively recognizes flavor patterns much like the human brain processes taste signals. The researchers highlight potential applications such as restoring taste perception for individuals affected by stroke or viral infections, as well as uses
grapheneartificial-tongueAImaterials-sciencesensorsmachine-learningnanotechnologyNasal mucus-inspired air filter lasts longer and traps more dust
Researchers at Chung-Ang University in South Korea have developed a novel air filtration system inspired by the mucus layer in the human nose, which naturally traps dust, allergens, and harmful particles. This bioinspired filter, called the particle-removing oil-coated filter (PRO), uses a thin, stable film of biocompatible oil (200 to 500 nanometers thick) applied to standard filter fibers. This coating mimics the sticky mucus barrier and enhances particle capture through capillary adhesion, significantly improving retention compared to conventional filters that rely on weaker van der Waals forces. Field tests conducted in various indoor environments in Seoul, including offices, exhibition centers, and stadiums, demonstrated that the PRO filter not only traps more airborne pollutants but also lasts twice as long as traditional filters. Additionally, its sticky oil layer prevents particles from being dislodged by strong winds, making it suitable for high-airflow locations such as construction sites and metro stations. The filter is compatible with existing HVAC and air purifier systems
materialsair-filtrationbioinspired-designpollution-controlnanotechnologyenvironmental-engineeringsustainable-materialsAustralian quantum battery with 1,000 times better life unveiled
Researchers at RMIT University and CSIRO in Australia have developed a new quantum battery prototype that extends the energy storage lifetime by 1,000 times compared to previous models, improving from nanoseconds to microseconds. Although still experimental and not yet practical for real-world applications, this advancement marks a significant step forward in quantum battery technology. The team achieved this improvement by aligning two energy levels perfectly within the device, enabling more efficient energy storage. Quantum batteries operate on quantum mechanics principles, storing energy by moving electrons into higher energy states using photons as charge carriers, rather than relying on ion flow like conventional batteries. They leverage quantum phenomena such as entanglement and superabsorption to enhance charging rates and energy density. Despite being a relatively new concept with practical devices lasting only nanoseconds until now, this breakthrough lays the groundwork for future research aimed at developing scalable, efficient quantum batteries. Potential applications include improving solar cell efficiency and powering small electronic devices, as noted by the researchers. The findings were published in the journal
energyquantum-batteryenergy-storagequantum-mechanicsnanotechnologybattery-technologyrenewable-energyNext-gen coating mimics clouds to manage heat, evade detection
Researchers at Finland’s Aalto University have developed an innovative wafer-thin “cloud” metasurface coating that can dynamically switch between bright white and deep grey states, enabling surfaces to either cool by reflecting sunlight or heat by absorbing it, all while remaining nearly invisible to infrared (thermal) cameras. This dual-function coating mimics the behavior of cumulus clouds, adapting its optical properties to manage heat passively and without energy input. Unlike traditional white paints that cool by scattering sunlight but become conspicuous in thermal imaging, or black surfaces that absorb heat but emit strong infrared signals, this metasurface maintains very low mid-infrared emissivity (8–13 microns), effectively camouflaging heat signatures in both modes. The coating’s unique performance arises from a disordered array of metallic nanostructures that manipulate light through multiple scattering and “polarizonic reflection.” In the white state, solar photons are reflected back into space, providing radiative cooling under full sun, while in the grey state,
materialsnanotechnologysmart-coatingsthermal-managementinfrared-camouflageenergy-efficiencymetasurfacesNew stamp-like hard drive made from novel molecule can hold 3 TB data
Researchers from the Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Manchester have developed a novel single-molecule magnet capable of storing exceptionally large amounts of data in an ultra-compact form factor. This new molecule enables the creation of hard drives about the size of a postage stamp that can hold up to 3 terabytes of data—equivalent to roughly 500,000 TikTok videos or 40,000 copies of Pink Floyd’s "The Dark Side of the Moon" album. Unlike conventional magnetic materials that rely on clusters of atoms, these single-molecule magnets operate individually, allowing for ultra-high-density data storage in a fraction of the space. A key advancement in this research is the molecule’s ability to retain magnetic memory at temperatures around 100 Kelvin (-173°C), which is warmer than previous single-molecule magnets requiring about 80 Kelvin (-193°C). This improvement was achieved by arranging three atoms in a straight line stabilized by an alkene chemical group, enhancing storage capacity and stability.
materialsdata-storagesingle-molecule-magnetsmagnetic-materialsnanotechnologymolecular-electronicsadvanced-materialsChina finds a clever way to measure extreme heat drops at nanoscale
Chinese researchers from Peking University have developed a novel method to measure heat flow at the atomic scale, overcoming longstanding challenges in observing interfacial thermal resistance between different materials. Using an advanced electron microscopy technique, they tracked how electrons lose energy when interacting with vibrating atoms (phonons), enabling them to visualize heat transfer across material boundaries with sub-nanometer resolution. Their custom device created a controlled heat flow between aluminum nitride (AlN) and silicon carbide (SiC), materials commonly used in high-power electronics, applying a steep temperature gradient of 180 K/μm. The team discovered a sharp temperature drop of 10–20 K occurring over just two nanometers at the interface, indicating thermal resistance 30 to 70 times greater than in the bulk materials. They also found that phonons near the interface were in a nonequilibrium state and did not follow the usual Bose-Einstein distribution, revealing that heat is not merely slowed but scattered and reshaped at these junctions.
materialsnanotechnologythermal-resistanceheat-managementelectron-microscopyhigh-power-electronicsphononsScientists develop painless biopsy patch thinner than a human hair
Scientists at King’s College London have developed a revolutionary biopsy patch embedded with nanoneedles that are 1,000 times thinner than a human hair, offering a painless, non-invasive alternative to traditional biopsies. Unlike conventional methods that require cutting or removing tissue, this patch gently extracts molecular information such as lipids, proteins, and mRNA directly from living cells without causing pain, scarring, or tissue destruction. This innovation could significantly improve diagnosis and monitoring of diseases like brain cancer and Alzheimer’s by enabling earlier detection and more frequent sampling, which was previously impossible with invasive biopsies. The patch’s development involved a multidisciplinary collaboration across King’s College London, the University of Edinburgh, and Ben Gurion University, combining expertise in nanoengineering, oncology, cell biology, and artificial intelligence. In preclinical studies, the patch successfully collected detailed molecular “fingerprints” from brain cancer tissues, with AI and mass spectrometry analyses providing real-time insights into disease progression and treatment response. The technology promises to
nanoneedlesbiopsy-patchnanotechnologymedical-devicespersonalized-medicineAI-in-healthcaremolecular-diagnosticsChina's scientists use rare mineral tellurium to restore vision in mice
Chinese scientists at Fudan University in Shanghai have developed an innovative artificial retina implant using tellurium nanowires that can restore vision in blind mice and improve vision in monkeys. Tellurium, a rare element with excellent photoelectric properties, mimics the function of photoreceptor cells by converting light—including infrared radiation—into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as images. The researchers created a mesh-like network of tellurium nanowires, called tellurium nanowire networks (TeNWNs), which when implanted into the retinas of blind animals, restored pupillary responses and activated the visual cortex. Blind mice implanted with the device performed nearly as well as sighted mice in pattern recognition tasks, and monkeys showed improved vision, including the ability to see infrared light, which is normally invisible to mammals. This breakthrough represents a potential first step toward bionic eyes with enhanced capabilities such as infrared “super sight.” While human trials are not imminent due to regulatory hurdles, the tellurium-based technology may lead to a new generation of artificial retinas that restore and augment vision. The research intersects nanotechnology, neuroscience, and materials science, with implications for medicine, military applications, and human enhancement. The study was published in the journal Science, highlighting tellurium’s strategic importance as China controls most of its production and its expanding use in solar panels, semiconductors, thermoelectric devices, and now neural vision implants.
materialsnanotechnologytelluriumartificial-retinaphotoreceptor-cellsinfrared-visionbionic-eyesInsects help scientists create powerful new materials from nanocarbons
Researchers at Japan’s RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute and Center for Sustainable Resource Science have developed an innovative technique called “in-insect synthesis,” which uses insects as living chemical reactors to create and modify complex nanocarbon molecules. Led by Kenichiro Itami, the team focused on tobacco cutworm caterpillars, leveraging their powerful digestive enzymes to perform precise chemical modifications that are difficult or inefficient in traditional laboratory settings. By feeding the caterpillars a nanocarbon molecule known as [6]MCPP, the insects converted it into a fluorescent derivative, [6]MCPP-oxylene, through an oxidation reaction catalyzed by two specific enzymes, CYP X2 and CYP X3. This enzymatic process was confirmed through advanced analytical techniques and genetic analysis, demonstrating a level of chemical precision not achievable by current lab methods. This breakthrough highlights the potential of using biological systems, such as insects, enzymes, and microbes, to manufacture advanced materials with high efficiency and specificity. The discovery that caterpillar enzymes can insert oxygen atoms into carbon–carbon bonds in nanocarbons opens new avenues for producing functional molecules for applications in aerospace, electronics, and battery technology. The research team envisions further optimization of this approach through genetic tools like CRISPR and directed evolution, enabling the programming of insects to synthesize a wide range of valuable compounds, from glowing sensors to pharmaceuticals. This novel strategy represents a paradigm shift in materials science, moving away from traditional chemical synthesis toward bioengineered production platforms.
materialsnanocarbonsinsect-enzymeschemical-synthesisadvanced-materialsnanotechnologybiotechnologyPhysicists create world’s smallest violin that’s thinner than hair
materialsnanotechnologynanolithographyelectronicsenergy-harvestingprecision-engineeringmicrofabricationSwiss scientists makes make infrared light visible with tiny lens
materialslithium-niobatenanotechnologyoptical-componentsinfrared-technologyphotonicsnanoscale-patternsWorld's smallest atomic-scale semiconductor produces solar hydrogen
semiconductorsolar-hydrogenphotocatalystquantum-materialsenergy-solutionsnanotechnologysustainable-energyPhân tử mới có thể cách mạng hóa ngành sản xuất chip
materialssemiconductororganic-moleculeselectrical-conductivitychip-productionnanotechnologyenergy-efficiency