Articles tagged with "rocket-engines"
Indian SpaceX rival EtherealX hits 5x valuation as it readies engine tests
Ethereal Exploration Guild (EtherealX), an Indian space technology startup, has seen its valuation surge 5.5 times to $80.5 million following a $20.5 million oversubscribed Series A funding round led by TDK Ventures and BIG Capital. The Bengaluru-based company is developing a fully reusable launch vehicle designed to return both the booster and upper stage, aiming to reduce launch costs and increase flight frequency. EtherealX plans to conduct hot-fire tests of its two in-house developed engines—the 80-kilonewton Pegasus upper-stage engine and the 1.2-meganewton Stallion booster engine—in June–July 2026, with a technology demonstration flight targeted for late 2027 and commercial missions expected by the end of 2028. The startup’s medium-lift vehicle, Razor Crest Mk-1, will cluster multiple engines per stage (nine Stallion engines on the booster and 15 Pegasus engines on the upper stage) and aims
energyrocket-enginesspace-technologyreusable-launch-vehicleadditive-manufacturingpropulsion-systemsaerospace-materialsHow nuclear propulsion shaped early interstellar vehicle design
The article explores how nuclear propulsion technologies influenced the early design of interstellar spacecraft, particularly during the Cold War era. With the realization that the Milky Way contains hundreds of billions of stars and potentially up to a trillion planets, scientists began seriously considering interstellar travel. Early spacecraft concepts from the mid-20th century were large, ambitious, and costly, but over time designs have shifted toward smaller, automated probes requiring minimal human intervention. The Cold War period (1950–1963) was pivotal, as breakthroughs in nuclear fission and fusion reactors spurred efforts by the U.S. and USSR to develop nuclear rocket propulsion systems. Three main categories of nuclear propulsion emerged: External Nuclear Rockets (ENRs), which use nuclear explosions outside the spacecraft to generate thrust but produce hazardous radiation; Internal Nuclear Rockets (INRs), which use a contained fission reactor to heat propellant or generate electricity but lack the power to escape the Solar System; and Fission-Fragment Rockets (FFRs), which use
energynuclear-propulsioninterstellar-spacecraftspace-technologyfusion-reactorsrocket-enginesspace-explorationSpaceX veteran Tom Mueller on rocket engines and Impulse Space
Tom Mueller, a pioneering aerospace engineer, played a crucial role in the rise of commercial spaceflight as SpaceX’s first employee and lead designer of its Merlin, Kestrel, and Draco rocket engines. His early passion for rockets and mechanical engineering led him to build the world’s largest amateur liquid-fuel rocket engine in his garage, which caught Elon Musk’s attention. At SpaceX, Mueller helped develop the propulsion systems that underpin the Falcon 9 rocket, a vehicle that has revolutionized space access by significantly lowering launch costs through reusability and enabling the return of astronaut launches to the U.S. after the Space Shuttle’s retirement. After departing SpaceX in 2020, Mueller founded Impulse Space, focusing on in-orbit mobility—efficiently moving payloads once they are already in space, addressing the next major challenge in space transportation. Impulse has successfully flown three Mira spacecraft on Falcon 9 rideshare missions, demonstrating progress in this emerging sector. Mueller credits his time at Space
energyaerospace-engineeringrocket-enginesspace-propulsionspace-technologyin-space-mobilityspacecraftChina’s new reusable rocket prepares to challenge Elon Musk's SpaceX
China’s private aerospace company Space Pioneer has successfully completed a critical full-scale ground test of its Tianlong-3 reusable rocket, marking a major milestone toward its planned maiden flight later in 2025. The test involved firing nine Tianhuo-12 engines simultaneously for 35 seconds, generating about 1,102 tons of thrust. The 72-meter tall, medium-lift Tianlong-3 is designed to be partially reusable and capable of carrying 17 to 18 tonnes to low Earth orbit, putting it in direct competition with SpaceX’s Falcon 9. The rocket aims to support China’s ambitious broadband satellite constellations, Guowang and Qianfan, which plan to deploy over 13,000 satellites each but have faced delays partly due to launch vehicle shortages. Tianlong-3 is one of several Chinese reusable rocket projects progressing toward operational status this year. Rival private company LandSpace is developing the Zhuque-3, expected to launch between September and November 202
energyreusable-rocketsspace-launchaerospace-technologysatellite-deploymentrocket-enginesspace-industryUS' 3D-printed hybrid rocket engine system passes first flight test
Firehawk Aerospace, a Texas-based company, has successfully completed the first flight test of its 3D-printed hybrid rocket engine system, called the GMLRS-class Firehawk Analog (GFA), under a Phase III SBIR contract with the U.S. Army Applications Laboratory (AAL). The test demonstrated the system’s directional stability and thrust performance, achieving a vertical ascent exceeding 18,000 feet and breaking the speed of sound. This milestone highlights the advantages of hybrid propulsion combined with advanced additive manufacturing, including adaptability, affordability, and rapid production capabilities. The GFA test is the initial flight demonstration in a series under the AAL contract, with upcoming tests planned for Javelin-class and Stinger-class analogs designed as drop-in replacements for existing solid rocket motors in Department of Defense weapon systems. Firehawk emphasizes that their approach drastically reduces production cycles from weeks to hours and supports mobile manufacturing, enhancing force sustainment and ensuring a resilient, U.S.-controlled supply chain for critical energet
energyrocket-engineshybrid-propulsionadditive-manufacturingaerospace-technologydefense-technology3D-printingCold War bunker in UK reborn as advanced rocket test facility
A former Cold War-era armored building near the Mull of Kintyre in the UK has been transformed into MachLab, an advanced rocket test and teaching facility. Originally part of a US Air Force refueling complex in the late 1980s, the structure’s robust design now provides a secure environment for experimental rocket engine firings. Located on the former RAF Machrihanish airbase, MachLab was developed through a collaboration between the University of Glasgow and industry partners, securing around £500,000 in funding, including support from the UK Space Agency. The facility is equipped to test rocket engines producing up to one tonne of thrust and aims to advance rocket propulsion research. MachLab also focuses on training the next generation of UK rocket engineers through programs like the Rocketry Research Teaching Training (R2T2) initiative led by the University of Glasgow. The facility supports the development of engines using various propellants—solid, liquid, and cryogenic—and provides detailed data collection on parameters such as
energyrocket-propulsionaerospace-materials3D-printingrocket-enginesspace-technologyadvanced-cooling-systemsChina test-fires reusable rocket with 9 engines to challenge SpaceX
Chinese rocket startup Landspace successfully conducted a static fire test of its Zhuque-3 rocket’s first stage on June 20 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The test involved firing nine proprietary Tianque-12A methane-liquid oxygen engines sequentially for 45 seconds, producing 7,542 kN of thrust. This milestone is a key step toward Landspace’s planned orbital launch of Zhuque-3, a reusable rocket designed to compete with SpaceX’s technology. The company views this successful test as foundational for advancing China’s reusable launch vehicle capabilities. Landspace aims to launch Zhuque-3 into orbit in the third quarter of 2024, carrying a prototype of the reusable Haolong cargo spacecraft developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute under AVIC. The company has been progressing steadily since its first launch failure in 2018 with Zhuque-1, achieving a significant milestone in 2023 when Zhuque-2 became the first methane-LOX rocket to reach
energyreusable-rocketmethane-liquid-oxygenrocket-enginesspace-launchaerospace-technologyrocket-propulsionUS hypersonic aircraft to soar at Mach 5+ with new upgraded engines
The U.S. aerospace company Ursa Major has secured a $32.9 million contract to supply 16 upgraded Hadley H13 rocket engines for Stratolaunch’s Talon-A hypersonic test vehicle over several years. These new engines are designed to be more reusable, supporting more flight starts and thus reducing the cost per test. The H13 engine is an evolution of the existing Hadley engine, featuring advanced metals and an oxygen-rich staged combustion cycle that provides higher thrust (5,000 lbf) and longer operational lifespans. This upgrade aims to enhance Talon-A’s performance and durability, facilitating more frequent and cost-effective hypersonic flight tests. Talon-A is a reusable hypersonic vehicle capable of flying at speeds exceeding Mach 5 and is air-launched from Stratolaunch’s large carrier aircraft. It serves as a Pentagon test platform for military hypersonic technologies and recently completed its second successful Mach 5+ flight test in May 2025. The
energyaerospacehypersonic-technologyrocket-enginespropulsion-systemsreusable-enginesmilitary-technology