Articles tagged with "nanomaterials"
New sensor achieves record-level alcohol sensitivity at ultra-low power
Researchers from Yonsei University and collaborators have developed a novel low-power gas sensor that achieves ultra-sensitive detection of ethanol at parts-per-billion levels. The sensor integrates ultrathin ruthenium dioxide nanosheets with a tin dioxide thin film, creating a hybrid structure that significantly enhances ethanol detection. The ruthenium dioxide nanosheets provide a high surface area and strong catalytic activity, accelerating ethanol molecule reactions on the sensor surface. Additionally, interactions between the nanosheets and tin dioxide amplify the electron depletion layer, increasing changes in electrical resistance and making the sensor over three times more responsive than conventional devices. Built on a suspended membrane with a microheater, the sensor operates continuously using less than 30 milliwatts of power, detecting ethanol concentrations from 10 parts per million down to about 5 parts per billion. It demonstrated stable performance over nearly a month, resisted interference from common gases, and reliably tracked real-time breath alcohol levels consistent with commercial breathalyzers. The design’s compatibility with existing microfabrication techniques
energymaterialssensorslow-power-technologynanomaterialsgas-detectionethanol-sensingAerogels and the engineering limits of empty space
Aerogels are an advanced class of ultralight materials composed of up to 99.8% air, making them some of the lightest solids known. Silica-based aerogels are common, while graphene aerogels can be even lighter than air, with densities as low as 0.16 kg/m³. Despite their extreme lightness and porous, semi-transparent appearance—earning nicknames like “frozen smoke” or “solid clouds”—aerogels exhibit notable mechanical resilience and can absorb large amounts of substances, such as oil. First developed in 1931 by Samuel Kistler, aerogels have since been applied in diverse fields including space exploration, construction, energy systems, and industrial insulation, influencing modern engineering approaches to lightweight, high-performance materials. The production of aerogels involves replacing the liquid in a gel with gas while preserving the solid framework. Starting from a gel precursor, chemical reactions form a semi-solid gel with liquid-filled pores on the nanoscale
materialsaerogelsadvanced-materialslightweight-materialsinsulationnanomaterialsgraphene-aerogels1D nanomaterials thinner than hair could supercharge batteries
Researchers at Drexel University have developed a scalable method to transform two-dimensional MXene sheets into one-dimensional tubular nanoscrolls that are about 100 times thinner than a human hair. These MXene nanoscrolls exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity and improved ion transport compared to flat MXene sheets, addressing previous challenges in producing high-quality 1D MXene structures. By rolling the flakes into hollow tubes, the researchers created structures that reduce nano-confinement effects, allowing ions and molecules to move more freely, which is advantageous for applications such as batteries, biosensors, and wearable electronics. The process involves chemically modifying multilayer MXene flakes to induce internal strain, causing them to curl into scrolls. This method was successfully applied to six different MXene types, yielding consistent and controlled nanoscrolls without damaging the material. The tubular geometry exposes more active surface area, enhancing molecular adsorption and ion accessibility, which is critical for energy storage and sensing technologies. Additionally, the team found that electric fields
nanomaterialsMXenesbattery-technologyenergy-storageconductive-materialsnanoscrollsmaterial-scienceGold nanoparticles boost solar efficiency by capturing full spectrum
A research team from Korea University has developed a novel gold nanoparticle material called "supraballs" that significantly enhances solar energy absorption by capturing nearly the entire solar spectrum. Unlike traditional gold or silver nanoparticles, which primarily absorb visible wavelengths and thus only a fraction of sunlight, these supraballs are self-assembled clusters of gold nanoparticles optimized in size to absorb a broader range of wavelengths. When applied as a coating on a commercial thermoelectric generator (TEG), the supraballs nearly doubled solar absorption compared to conventional gold nanoparticle films, achieving about 89 percent absorption versus 45 percent. The team used computer simulations to design and optimize the supraballs for maximum sunlight absorption, predicting over 90 percent efficiency, which was then validated through real-world testing under ambient conditions without specialized equipment. This coating technology offers a simple and cost-effective method to improve solar-thermal and photothermal systems, potentially lowering barriers to high-efficiency solar energy harvesting in practical applications. The study detailing these findings
energysolar-energygold-nanoparticlesnanomaterialsphotovoltaic-technologysolar-absorptionenergy-harvestingEdison's 1879 light bulb may have accidentally produced graphene
Researchers at Rice University, led by Professor James Tour, have discovered evidence that Thomas Edison may have accidentally produced graphene while developing his first light bulb in 1879. By replicating Edison’s original carbon-filament bulb design and applying similar electrical conditions, the team found that parts of the filament transformed into turbostratic graphene—a multi-layer form of graphene with randomly rotated layers valued for scalable production in energy storage and composite materials. This finding suggests that graphene, officially isolated only in 2004, may have been unintentionally created over a century earlier during Edison’s experiments. The study involved powering artisan-made Edison-style bulbs with a 110-volt direct current for about 20 seconds, closely mimicking the original setup. Analysis using optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of turbostratic graphene on the filament surface, which changed from dark gray to a silvery metallic appearance. The researchers propose that the rapid heating of carbon-based filaments, similar to modern flash Joule heating methods used to produce
graphenematerials-scienceenergy-storagecarbon-filamentnanomaterialsconductive-materialscomposite-materialsFormer Oil Worker Invents 3D-Printed Battery - CleanTechnica
The Texas-based startup Material has developed an innovative 3D-printed battery technology aimed at integrating energy storage directly into the structure of battery-operated devices. Unlike conventional batteries that add weight and dead space, Material’s approach uses a chemistry-agnostic platform called HYBRID3D™, which combines copper nanowires—synthesized through a novel chemical process—and high-strength plastic. These nanowires, about a thousand times thinner than a human hair, can be 3D printed into any shape and solidified with a laser, allowing for custom-shaped batteries that reduce metal usage by roughly half compared to traditional cylindrical batteries. This integration promises lighter devices, longer run-times, and greater design flexibility. Material recently secured $7.1 million in Seed funding to advance its technology, initially targeting smaller devices such as headsets, drones, and robotics before moving into the mobility sector. The company’s co-founder, Chris Reyes, has a unique background transitioning from oil and gas construction work to earning advanced
energy3D-printed-batteriesbattery-technologynanomaterialsclean-energyenergy-storagematerials-scienceJapan startup develops 3D graphene for faster-charging batteries
At CES 2026, Japanese startup 3DC unveiled its innovative three-dimensional graphene nanomaterial called Graphene MesoSponge (GMS), designed to enhance fast-charging and high-power battery performance. Unlike traditional flat graphene sheets, GMS features a porous, sponge-like nanoscale structure with interconnected pathways that allow electrons to move more freely within battery electrodes. This unique internal network reduces electrical resistance, improves conductivity without additional additives, and supports faster charging speeds and higher power output. The material also helps reduce battery degradation over time by lowering stress on electrode materials during repeated charge cycles, thereby extending battery life. Founded in 2022 and commercializing research from Tohoku University, 3DC is currently operating at pilot scale and collaborating with major global battery manufacturers who are testing GMS for lithium-ion and next-generation batteries. The company plans to scale up to full mass production in 2026. Beyond battery applications, 3DC is exploring uses of GMS in semiconductor thermal management by
materialsgraphenebattery-technologyenergy-storagefast-charging-batteriesnanomaterialslithium-ion-batteriesScientists build stable single-atom platform for next-gen catalysis
Scientists from Italy, Japan, and Switzerland have developed a groundbreaking method to create stable single-atom catalysts that function effectively above room temperature, overcoming longstanding challenges of atom aggregation and precise placement. Using on-surface synthesis guided by atomic-resolution scanning probe microscopy, the team fabricated one-dimensional organic polymers with periodic side extensions engineered to anchor metal atoms at uniform coordination sites. This design mimics enzyme active sites, ensuring each metal atom remains exposed to reactants for maximum catalytic efficiency, a feat not achievable with bulk materials or clusters. The platform is highly customizable, allowing different metals and ligands to be incorporated depending on the desired reaction. Theoretical studies revealed that these polymer-bound single atoms exhibit significantly stronger binding to industrially relevant gases such as CO, O₂, and H₂ compared to conventional catalysts, enhancing reactivity and enabling more precise control over reaction intermediates. This advancement holds particular promise for applications like CO₂ conversion, potentially enabling cleaner, more efficient chemical processes. Published in Nature Communications, the research not
materialscatalysissingle-atom-catalystsnanomaterialschemical-reactionsenergy-efficiencypolymer-based-structuresChina's stealth jet coating reduces radar signal intensity by 700x
Chinese researchers from the People’s Liberation Army and China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation have developed an ultra-thin stealth coating derived from loofah to significantly reduce radar signal detection of fighter jets. By carbonizing dried loofah and embedding it with nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo₂O₄) magnetic nanoparticles, the resulting composite, named NCO-2, absorbs over 99.99% of incident electromagnetic waves in the Ku-band frequency range (12-18 GHz). At just 4mm thick, this coating can reduce reflected radar signal intensity by nearly 700 times, effectively shrinking a stealth aircraft’s radar cross-section from 50 square meters to less than 1 square meter, even when radar beams come from directly above. The coating’s effectiveness is attributed to the loofah’s natural 3D network of cellulose fibers, which, when carbonized, form a lightweight conductive scaffold with mazelike pores. Electromagnetic waves entering this structure undergo multiple internal reflections, increasing absorption
materialsstealth-technologyelectromagnetic-wave-absorptioncarbon-compositeradar-stealthnanomaterialsaerospace-materialsNew nanotech method loads stem cells with extra mitochondria to recharge dying cells
Scientists at Texas A&M University have developed a novel nanotechnology-based method to enhance stem cells by loading them with extra mitochondria, the cell’s energy-producing structures, to rejuvenate weakened or dying cells. Using microscopic molybdenum disulfide "nanoflowers," the researchers stimulated stem cells to produce roughly twice their normal mitochondrial content. These mitochondria-enriched stem cells then transferred the surplus mitochondria to damaged cells, restoring their energy output and improving their survival under stress conditions such as chemotherapy-like insults. This approach effectively "recharges" failing cells without relying on drugs or genetic modifications. The technique shows promise for treating age-related and degenerative diseases linked to mitochondrial decline, including heart disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Unlike existing small-molecule drugs that rapidly clear from cells, the nanoflowers remain inside stem cells longer, potentially allowing for less frequent dosing. The method’s flexibility allows targeted delivery of enhanced stem cells to various tissues, such as the heart or muscles, broad
nanotechnologystem-cellsmitochondriaenergy-restorationbiomedical-engineeringnanomaterialscellular-therapyGas-proof polymer film could protect solar cells from corrosion
MIT researchers have developed a novel polymer film called 2DPA-1 that is extraordinarily impermeable to gases, including nitrogen, helium, argon, oxygen, methane, and sulfur hexafluoride. This two-dimensional polyaramid self-assembles into tightly packed molecular sheets via hydrogen bonding, leaving no gaps for gas molecules to penetrate. The film is only nanometers thick, lightweight, and can be produced in bulk, overcoming scalability challenges faced by graphene, which has similar impermeability but is difficult to manufacture in large areas. Tests showed 2DPA-1 performs at least 10,000 times better than other polymers in blocking gas passage. The polymer’s exceptional barrier properties have significant practical implications, particularly for protecting sensitive materials like perovskite solar cells, whose lifespan was extended from days to weeks with a thin 60-nanometer coating of 2DPA-1. Beyond solar technology, the film could protect infrastructure exposed to the elements—such as bridges,
materialspolymer-filmsolar-cellscorrosion-protectionimpermeable-coatingnanomaterials2D-polyaramidThe Physics of A Space Elevator
The article "The Physics of A Space Elevator" discusses the concept of a space elevator as a long-envisioned solution for affordable and reusable access to space, eliminating the costs and environmental impact associated with traditional single-use rockets. Despite its appeal, the article highlights that humanity has yet to realize this vision due to significant technical and material challenges. Key obstacles include the need for materials with extraordinary tensile strength to construct the elevator cable, which must extend from Earth's surface into space while supporting its own weight and withstanding environmental stresses. Current materials do not meet these stringent requirements, making the construction of a functional space elevator unfeasible with today's technology. The article implies that advances in material science and engineering are essential before this concept can move from dream to reality.
materialsspace-elevatornanomaterialstensile-strengthcarbon-nanotubesadvanced-materialsspace-technologyCommon salt helps create new material for high-speed quantum tech
Researchers have achieved a major breakthrough by creating stable niobium disulfide metallic nanotubes using common table salt as a key ingredient. This innovation, led by an international team including Penn State’s Materials Research Institute, overcomes a longstanding challenge in nanomaterial science: producing metallic nanotubes with predictable and stable properties. Unlike previously available carbon or boron nitride nanotubes, which act as semiconductors or insulators, these metallic nanotubes exhibit potential for superconductivity and magnetism, opening new avenues for faster electronics, efficient superconducting wires, and quantum computing applications. The team formed the nanotubes by rolling niobium disulfide—a metal known for superconductivity in bulk form—around carbon and boron nitride nanotube templates. The addition of a small amount of table salt at a critical stage induced the metal to wrap into stable, double-layered tubular structures rather than spreading out as flat sheets. This nested double-layer configuration, supported by computational modeling, allows electrons to move
materials-sciencenanotubesniobium-disulfidequantum-technologysuperconductivitynanomaterialselectronicsEU scientists record 99.5% sunlight absorption leap for solar towers
Researchers at the University of the Basque Country (EHU), in collaboration with the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), have developed copper cobaltate nanoneedles coated with zinc oxide that achieve an unprecedented 99.5% sunlight absorption. This breakthrough surpasses the previous benchmark set by vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, which absorb about 99% of sunlight but degrade quickly under high temperatures and humidity. The new nanoneedles demonstrate superior optical and thermal stability, making them highly suitable for use in concentrated solar power (CSP) towers, which require ultrablack materials capable of withstanding extreme environmental conditions. CSP technology, unlike conventional photovoltaic systems, stores solar heat as thermal energy by heating molten salts, enabling electricity generation even when sunlight is unavailable. Despite its advantages, CSP has been limited by material challenges and higher costs. The new nanomaterials developed by EHU and tested in high-temperature labs represent a significant step toward more efficient, durable, and reliable solar tower
energyrenewable-energysolar-powernanomaterialsconcentrated-solar-powercopper-cobaltate-nanoneedlessolar-towersA New Light-Based Cancer Treatment Kills Tumor Cells and Spares Healthy Ones
Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Porto have developed tin oxide (SnOx) nanoflakes that efficiently convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat to selectively destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. These nanoflakes, less than 20 nanometers thick, accumulate in tumor tissues and, when exposed to NIR light at 810 nanometers, generate localized heat sufficient to kill cancer cells without damaging surrounding healthy cells. This approach represents an advancement in photothermal therapy, a noninvasive cancer treatment that uses light-activated materials to heat and eliminate tumors. The team designed an affordable and safe experimental setup using NIR-LEDs instead of traditional lasers, providing stable, homogeneous illumination with minimal risk of overheating. This system, costing about $530 and capable of treating multiple samples simultaneously, offers a practical tool for biomedical research. In laboratory tests, the SnOx nanoflake treatment killed up to 92% of skin cancer cells and
materialsnanomaterialsphotothermal-therapycancer-treatmenttin-oxide-nanoflakesnear-infrared-lightbiomedical-engineeringTargeted nanoparticles show 80% success in treating ovarian cancer
MIT researchers have developed targeted nanoparticles that significantly enhance immunotherapy against ovarian cancer, a disease often resistant to treatment. These nanoparticles deliver the immune-activating molecule IL-12 directly to ovarian tumors, activating T cells and other immune cells to attack cancer. In mouse models, this approach eradicated metastatic ovarian cancer in over 80% of cases when combined with checkpoint inhibitors, which alone have limited success against ovarian tumors. The nanoparticles slowly release IL-12 within tumors, avoiding the severe side effects associated with high systemic doses of the molecule. The nanoparticles are liposomes coated with poly-L-glutamate (PLE) that specifically target ovarian tumor cells, with IL-12 tethered via a stable chemical linker for controlled release over about a week. This design maintains immune activation in the tumor microenvironment while preventing toxicity. The treatment not only cleared tumors but also induced long-term immune memory, protecting mice from tumor recurrence upon re-exposure. The MIT team is now working toward clinical development of this promising therapy,
nanoparticlescancer-immunotherapydrug-deliverynanomaterialstargeted-therapyIL-12tumor-treatmentIron reaches record energy state, could power cheaper batteries
A Stanford-led research team has achieved a breakthrough by pushing iron into an unprecedented high-energy state, enabling it to release and reabsorb up to five electrons—significantly more than the usual two or three. This was accomplished by engineering a nanoscale lithium–iron–antimony–oxygen compound with particles just 300 to 400 nanometers in diameter, which maintained structural stability during repeated charging cycles. The discovery was confirmed through advanced X-ray spectral modeling, revealing that both iron and oxygen atoms cooperatively contribute to this enhanced electron exchange. This advancement could revolutionize lithium-ion battery technology by providing a high-voltage, iron-based cathode that is more powerful and substantially cheaper than current cobalt- or nickel-based alternatives. Iron, previously considered unsuitable for high-voltage applications, now emerges as a sustainable and cost-effective material, potentially reducing reliance on expensive and environmentally problematic metals like cobalt. The research, building on theoretical work from 2018, was published in Nature Materials and may also impact other
energymaterialslithium-ion-batteriesiron-based-cathodesnanomaterialsbattery-technologysustainable-energyCopper cobaltate nanoneedles show 99.5% solar light absorption
Researchers at the University of the Basque Country (EHU) have developed ultra-black copper cobaltate nanoneedles capable of absorbing up to 99.5% of sunlight, surpassing the performance of the current standard vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, which absorb about 99%. These nanoneedles, especially when coated with zinc oxide, demonstrate superior thermal stability and optical absorption under the high-temperature and humid conditions typical of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. This advancement could significantly enhance the efficiency and commercial viability of solar tower technology, which uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a central tower to generate energy. The research, conducted by EHU’s Thermophysical Properties of Materials group, highlights the limitations of carbon nanotubes, which require protective coatings that reduce their effectiveness. In contrast, copper cobaltate nanoneedles maintain stability and higher absorption rates without such drawbacks. The findings have attracted international interest, including collaboration with the University of California San Diego and the U.S. Department of Energy
materialsnanomaterialssolar-energyconcentrated-solar-powercopper-cobaltateenergy-efficiencysolar-technologyKorean team's battery breakthrough locks anode materials in 5 seconds
Researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) in South Korea have developed a rapid and eco-friendly method called condensation-induced self-assembly (CISA) to fabricate porous metal oxides for lithium-ion battery anodes. Unlike traditional evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), which is slow and prone to uneven mixing and pore collapse, CISA uses a chemical condensation reaction of metal alkoxides in acidic acetone to form uniform mesoporous metal oxides within just five seconds. This process enables full solvent recovery due to the recyclable, non-contaminating nature of acetone, supporting sustainable and low-waste material production. The CISA method allows for the uniform incorporation of conductive nanomaterials such as MXenes and carbon nanotubes into metal oxide matrices, overcoming previous challenges where these conductive additives would detach during drying and disrupt electron pathways. The resulting composites, including niobium oxide–MXene, exhibit high surface areas, stable crystalline structures, and regular pores that facilitate rapid
energymaterialsbattery-technologylithium-storagemetal-oxidesnanomaterialssustainable-materialsConcrete battery turns walls into power banks with 10x energy boost
MIT researchers have developed a groundbreaking electron-conducting carbon concrete (ec3) that can store and release electricity, effectively turning building materials like walls, sidewalks, and bridges into large-scale energy storage systems. This new concrete battery offers a tenfold increase in energy density compared to earlier versions, reducing the volume needed to power a household from 45 cubic meters to about 5 cubic meters—roughly the size of a basement wall. The ec3 material integrates cement, water, ultra-fine carbon black, and electrolytes to form a conductive nanonetwork, enabling efficient energy storage and flow. Key innovations include mixing electrolytes directly into the concrete before casting, which creates thicker, more powerful electrodes, and the use of organic electrolytes that allow a cubic meter of ec3 to store over 2 kilowatt-hours—enough to power a refrigerator for a day. The material’s design was inspired by ancient Roman concrete techniques combined with modern nanoscience, and it has demonstrated multifunctional uses
energymaterialsconcrete-batteryenergy-storagenanomaterialsrenewable-energymultifunctional-concreteFrom trash to tech: Plastic bags now help monitor drinking water safety
Researchers in Indonesia, led by Dr. Indriana Kartini from Universitas Gadjah Mada, have developed an innovative method to upcycle discarded polyethylene plastic bags into carbon quantum dots (CQDs)—tiny, glowing nanomaterials capable of detecting toxic metals in drinking water. This breakthrough addresses two major global challenges simultaneously: plastic pollution and water safety. Unlike traditional recycling, their process uses modified pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment with a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to convert plastic waste into CQDs within 10 hours. These CQDs exhibit strong fluorescence, stability under various conditions, and a high sensitivity for detecting iron ions (Fe³⁺) in water, with a detection limit as low as 9.50 micromoles and excellent measurement accuracy (R² = 0.9983). The plastic-derived CQDs’ ability to selectively bind iron ions makes them promising, affordable, and portable sensors for monitoring water quality, especially in areas lacking advanced laboratory facilities. This innovation exemplifies a circular
materialsnanomaterialsplastic-wastecarbon-quantum-dotswater-safetypollution-detectionsustainability3D printable bio-glass scaffold shows promise as bone replacement
Researchers in China have developed a novel 3D printable bio-active glass scaffold that shows promise as a bone replacement material. Unlike traditional glass, which is brittle and difficult to shape safely for medical use, this new bio-glass combines silica particles with calcium and phosphate ions to form a printable gel. This gel can be hardened at a relatively low temperature (1,300°F), avoiding the toxic plasticizers and extreme heat (above 2,000°F) typically required in glass 3D printing. In animal tests involving rabbit skull repair, the bio-glass scaffold supported sustained bone cell growth over eight weeks, outperforming plain silica glass and nearly matching a leading commercial dental bone substitute in durability. The key innovation lies in the “green” inorganic 3D printing strategy, which uses self-healing colloidal gels made from silica-based nanospheres that attract each other electrostatically. This method eliminates the need for organic additives, reduces costs, preserves bioactivity, and enhances printability and shape
materials3D-printingbio-glassbone-replacementbiomedical-engineeringnanomaterialsadditive-manufacturingWater’s premelting state observed, blurring ice and liquid behavior
A research team from Tokyo University of Science has directly observed a novel “premelting” phase of water confined within nanoscale pores, using advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In this state, water molecules are simultaneously frozen in place yet rotate like a liquid, blurring the traditional distinction between solid and liquid phases. By studying heavy water (D₂O) inside 1.6-nanometer-wide channels of hexagonal rod-like crystals, the researchers identified a three-layered molecular structure where incompletely hydrogen-bonded water begins melting before the fully frozen ice structure melts, confirming the coexistence of solid-like and liquid-like behaviors during the premelting phase. This discovery provides new insights into the structural and dynamic properties of confined water, which behaves differently from bulk ice and liquid water. The premelting state features water molecules locked in solid positions but rotating at speeds comparable to liquid water, highlighting unique molecular mobility under confinement. Beyond advancing fundamental understanding, these findings have potential applications in developing novel
materialsnanomaterialswater-premeltinghydrogen-bondingconfined-waternanofluidicsphase-transitionInnovative catalyst transforms plastic trash into liquid fuels
A research team led by the University of Delaware has developed an innovative mesoporous MXene catalyst that significantly improves the conversion of plastic waste into liquid fuels. This catalyst enhances the hydrogenolysis process, which breaks down polymers in plastics using hydrogen gas and a catalyst. Unlike conventional catalysts that struggle with bulky polymer molecules, the mesoporous MXene catalyst features silica pillars inserted between its stacked two-dimensional layers, allowing polymers to flow more easily and increasing reaction rates nearly twofold. Tested on low-density polyethylene (LDPE), a common plastic, the catalyst not only accelerated the conversion but also improved fuel quality by producing liquid fuels efficiently while minimizing unwanted byproducts like methane. The success of this catalyst is attributed to the stabilization of ruthenium nanoparticles within the MXene layers, which enhances both speed and selectivity in the plastic-to-fuel conversion. This advancement points to a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method for plastic upcycling, turning plastic waste into valuable fuels and chemicals rather than letting it accumulate as
energycatalystplastic-recyclingMXenenanomaterialssustainable-fuelschemical-engineeringNine-metal MXene obliterates limits of 2D nanomaterial design
Scientists at Purdue University have achieved a breakthrough in two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials by synthesizing MXenes—ultrathin sheets just a nanometer thick—that incorporate up to nine different transition metals. This represents a significant advance beyond previous MXene designs, which typically involved fewer metals. By creating nearly 40 layered materials with varying metal combinations, the researchers explored how entropy (the tendency toward atomic disorder) competes with enthalpy (the drive for ordered atomic arrangements) in these complex structures. They found that while MXenes with fewer metals tend to form ordered layers, those with higher metal diversity exhibit “high-entropy” phases characterized by atomic disorder, a transition that is crucial for designing materials stable under extreme conditions. The team first synthesized layered “parent” MAX phases before converting them into MXenes to study their surface and electronic properties, linking atomic order-disorder transitions to functional behavior. This insight expands the family of 2D materials and their potential applications in demanding environments such
materialsnanomaterialsMXene2D-materialshigh-entropy-materialsadvanced-materialsenergy-storage-materialsElusive carbon ring finally tamed for room-temperature research
Chemists at the University of Oxford have successfully synthesized a cyclocarbon molecule—specifically cyclo[48]carbon—as a [4]catenane that remains stable in solution at room temperature for up to 92 hours. This achievement marks a significant breakthrough in molecular science, as cyclocarbons were previously only observable fleetingly under extreme conditions such as in the gas phase or at cryogenic temperatures. The team’s innovative approach involved threading the C48 ring through three protective macrocycles, which shield the reactive carbon ring from degradation, and using a larger cyclocarbon to reduce molecular strain. The mild conditions employed during the final unmasking step further preserved the molecule’s integrity. The structure and stability of the cyclocarbon catenane were confirmed through various spectroscopic techniques, including mass spectrometry, NMR, UV-visible, and Raman spectroscopy. Notably, a single intense ^13C NMR resonance indicated a symmetrical environment for all 48 sp^1 carbon atoms,
materialscarbon-allotropescyclocarbonmolecular-synthesisspectroscopychemical-analysisnanomaterialsSkincare acid creates metal-like, transparent film for wearables
Scientists at La Trobe University have developed a groundbreaking transparent, metal-like polymer film using hyaluronic acid, a compound commonly found in skincare products. By applying hyaluronic acid to a gold surface, the researchers created a highly conductive, flexible polymer called 2D PEDOT, which combines metal-like conductivity with near invisibility. This novel material addresses longstanding challenges in polymer science by offering reproducible, scalable, and industrially viable conductive films that outperform traditional polymers in transparency, flexibility, and electrical performance. The new 2D PEDOT film holds significant promise for advancing wearable technology, touchscreens, biosensors, and medical devices such as drug delivery implants and patient monitoring systems. The technique, known as tethered dopant templating, enables precise control over the polymer’s shape, transparency, and conductivity, overcoming issues of inconsistent quality and poor performance seen in previous conductive polymers. This innovation could transform the future of flexible, transparent electronics, marking a major step forward in smart device technology. The research was
materialsconductive-polymerswearable-technologytransparent-electronicssmart-devicesbiosensorsnanomaterialsFrozen organic particles mapped in stunning new imaging method
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed an advanced cryo-electron microscopy technique that overcomes longstanding challenges in mapping the elemental composition of frozen organic and biological nanoparticles. Traditional cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) excels at revealing the size and structure of delicate samples preserved in a near-natural frozen state but struggles to accurately identify elemental makeup due to background noise from ice and image drift during scanning. Existing methods like energy-filtered TEM (EF-TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) often damage samples or produce blurred images, limiting their use primarily to metals or bulk materials. The new approach refines the “3-window method” for background correction to effectively remove interference from ice in frozen samples and incorporates a drift compensation system to stabilize images during long elemental scans. Additionally, a software extension automates energy shift adjustments, enhancing the precision and efficiency of elemental mapping. This breakthrough enabled researchers to clearly visualize silicon distribution in silica nanoparticles as small as 10 nanometers and to map
materialscryo-electron-microscopyelemental-mappingnanomaterialsimaging-technologyelectron-energy-loss-spectroscopybiological-materialsChinese scientists detect rare quantum friction in folded graphene
Chinese scientists from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, led by Professors Zhang Junyan and Gong Zhenbin, have experimentally observed quantum friction in folded graphene for the first time. By precisely folding graphene layers to create controlled curvature and internal strain, they altered electron behavior at the nanoscale. This strain forced electrons into fixed energy states called pseudo-Landau levels, reducing energy loss as heat and resulting in a nonlinear, sometimes decreasing friction pattern as the number of graphene layers increased. Their findings challenge classical friction models and provide the first direct evidence of quantum friction occurring between two solid surfaces. The research, conducted at ultra-low temperatures using a carefully engineered graphene system, opens new avenues for understanding friction at the atomic scale. The team plans to investigate whether similar quantum friction effects occur in other materials and under more practical conditions. Ultimately, this work could lead to technologies that better manage or minimize energy loss in nanoscale electronics and quantum computing devices by exploiting quantum friction phenomena. The study was published in Nature Communications
materialsgraphenequantum-frictionnanotechnologyenergy-efficiencynanomaterialsquantum-physicsTiny metallic flowers show big gains in treating brain diseases
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research have developed microscopic metallic nanoparticles shaped like flowers, termed “nanoflowers,” that show promise in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction—the root cause of these conditions. These nanoflowers improve mitochondrial structure and function in brain cells, significantly reducing oxidative stress caused by harmful byproducts like reactive oxygen species. This restoration of mitochondrial health could lead to improved overall brain function rather than merely alleviating symptoms. The team tested the nanoflowers on neurons and astrocytes, observing enhanced mitochondrial performance after 24 hours, and extended their research to live organisms using the Caenorhabditis elegans worm model. Treated worms exhibited longer lifespans and reduced early-life mortality, supporting the neuroprotective potential of nanoflowers. The researchers plan to conduct further safety and distribution studies in more complex animal models before moving toward human trials. Texas A&M has filed a patent for this technology
nanoparticlesnanomaterialsbrain-healthneurodegenerative-diseasesmitochondrianeurotherapeuticsoxidative-stressHot electrons from quantum dots break tough bonds using 99% less energy
Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have developed a groundbreaking photocatalytic system using manganese-doped CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) that can break strong chemical bonds with 99% less energy than traditional methods. By harnessing a quantum effect known as the two-photon spin-exchange Auger process, these QDs efficiently generate "hot electrons"—high-energy electrons capable of driving challenging reactions previously thought too difficult for light-based catalysis. This approach allows two low-energy photons to combine their energy inside a quantum dot, producing a powerful electron that can cleave tough bonds such as C–Cl, C–Br, C–I, C–O, C–C, and N–S, and perform reductions on molecules with extremely negative potentials (down to −3.4 V vs. SCE). The system notably enables reactions like the Birch reduction, traditionally requiring harsh conditions like liquid ammonia and alkali metals, to proceed under
quantum-dotshot-electronsphotocatalysisnanomaterialsenergy-efficiencychemical-bondsphotoreductionNew robot eyes respond to blinding light 5 times faster than humans
Researchers at Fuzhou University in China have developed a novel machine vision sensor that adapts to extreme lighting conditions about five times faster than the human eye, achieving adaptation in roughly 40 seconds. This sensor uses quantum dots—nano-sized semiconductors that efficiently convert light into electrical signals—engineered to trap and release electric charges in a manner analogous to how human eyes store light-sensitive pigments to adjust to darkness. The device’s layered structure, incorporating lead sulfide quantum dots with polymer and zinc oxide, enables rapid and energy-efficient adaptation to harsh light changes, mimicking key behaviors of human vision. Beyond speed, the sensor improves energy efficiency by filtering visual data at the source, reducing the computational load typical of conventional machine vision systems that process all data indiscriminately. This selective preprocessing is similar to the human retina’s function of focusing on relevant visual information, which could benefit applications like autonomous vehicles and robots operating in variable lighting environments. The research team plans to expand the technology by integrating larger sensor arrays
robotmachine-visionquantum-dotsnanomaterialsautonomous-vehiclesbio-inspired-technologyenergy-efficiencySun-powered sponge turns saltwater fresh, no electricity needed
Researchers at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University have developed a novel 3D-printed aerogel material that can desalinate seawater using only sunlight, without requiring electricity. This sponge-like aerogel, made from carbon nanotubes and cellulose nanofibers, contains microscopic air pockets and uniform vertical pores about 20 micrometers wide, which efficiently facilitate water evaporation while leaving salt behind. The material’s desalination efficiency remains consistent regardless of its size, making it scalable for larger applications. In practical outdoor tests, the aerogel was placed in seawater under a curved plastic cover, where sunlight heated the material to evaporate water. The vapor condensed on the plastic lid and was collected as fresh water, producing approximately three tablespoons of drinkable water after six hours of natural sunlight. This low-energy, sustainable desalination method offers a promising solution to global water scarcity, especially as conventional desalination plants typically require significant energy input. The research, published in ACS Energy Letters, highlights the potential for scalable, energy
energymaterialsdesalinationaerogelsustainable-technologynanomaterialssolar-energySquid-inspired camo may help US troops vanish from sight and sensors
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine, in collaboration with the Marine Biological Laboratory, have uncovered the detailed cellular architecture behind the longfin inshore squid’s ability to rapidly shift its skin from transparent to vividly colored. Using holotomography, a 3-D imaging technique, they visualized the iridophores—specialized cells containing coiled protein columns called reflectin—that act as natural Bragg reflectors to finely control light reflection and scattering. This discovery provides the most detailed explanation yet of how squid achieve dynamic color modulation by twisting and packing these nano-scale reflectin columns. Building on these biological insights, the team engineered a bio-inspired, stretchable composite material that mimics and even extends the squid’s optical capabilities. This flexible film integrates nanocolumnar Bragg reflectors with ultrathin metal layers to enable tunable camouflage across visible and infrared wavelengths. The material dynamically adjusts its appearance in response to mechanical deformation or environmental changes, making it promising for adaptive military camouflage, multispectral
materialsbiomimicrycamouflage-technologynanomaterialsoptical-materialsdefense-technologysmart-materialsNew nanomaterial pulls drinking water straight out of thin air
An international team of researchers led by Nobel Laureate Professor Sir Kostya Novoselov and Professor Rakesh Joshi has developed a novel nanomaterial capable of efficiently harvesting clean drinking water directly from atmospheric moisture. This featherlight material, made from calcium-intercalated graphene oxide aerogel, can absorb over three times its own weight in water. The material leverages enhanced hydrogen bonding created by combining calcium ions with graphene oxide, resulting in a synergistic effect that significantly boosts water adsorption beyond the sum of its individual components. Its porous aerogel structure allows rapid water uptake and easy release with mild heating to about 50°C, requiring minimal energy input. The research combined experimental work with advanced molecular simulations conducted on Australia’s National Computational Infrastructure supercomputer, providing insights into the molecular interactions that enable the material’s superior performance. While still in the fundamental research phase, the technology shows promise as a scalable, low-energy solution for providing potable water in humid but water-scarce regions worldwide. Industry partners
nanomaterialsgraphene-oxidewater-harvestingclean-water-technologyaerogelhydrogen-bondingsustainable-materialsChina advances next-gen lighting with more stable perovskite LEDs
Chinese researchers led by Professor Xiao Zhengguo at the University of Science and Technology of China have developed an innovative all-inorganic perovskite film that significantly enhances LED performance. By introducing specially selected compounds and applying a high-temperature annealing process, the team engineered perovskite films with larger crystal grains and fewer defects. This structural improvement facilitates better charge transport, resulting in LEDs with unprecedented brightness of 1.16 million nits and an extended operational lifespan exceeding 180,000 hours. These advancements overcome previous limitations where perovskite LEDs had short lifespans and low brightness, making them unsuitable for practical applications. The new perovskite LEDs also demonstrate a luminous efficiency surpassing 22%, comparable to current commercial display technologies, and brightness levels far exceeding typical OLED and LED screens, which usually peak at a few thousand nits. Such high brightness and durability make these LEDs promising for outdoor displays and specialized lighting requiring strong visibility. When operated at a standard brightness of 100
materialsperovskiteLED-technologyadvanced-materialsenergy-efficient-lightingnanomaterialsdisplay-technologyLow-cost green hydrogen production possible with new breakthrough
Researchers at Hanyang University ERICA campus in South Korea have developed a new class of cobalt phosphide-based nanomaterials that significantly lower the cost of green hydrogen production. By adjusting boron doping and phosphorus content through metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the team created catalysts with superior performance and affordability compared to conventional electrocatalysts. These materials exhibit large surface areas and mesoporous structures, enhancing their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The best-performing sample demonstrated notably low overpotentials of 248 mV for OER and 95 mV for HER, outperforming previously reported catalysts. The innovative synthesis involved growing cobalt-based MOFs on nickel foam, followed by boron doping via sodium borohydride treatment and phosphorization with sodium hypophosphite. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the combination of boron doping and optimized phosphorus content improved interactions with reaction intermediates, driving the enhanced
energygreen-hydrogencatalystsnanomaterialsmetal-organic-frameworkselectrocatalysissustainable-energyNot frozen accidents, quasicrystals change how we define atomic order
The article discusses a significant advancement in understanding quasicrystals—materials whose atomic arrangements are ordered but non-repeating, defying traditional definitions of crystal structures. Discovered in the 1980s, quasicrystals initially faced skepticism, with many scientists believing they were merely accidental, unstable formations resulting from rapid cooling of molten materials. The key unresolved question was whether quasicrystals are thermodynamically stable or just frozen irregularities. Traditional computational methods like density functional theory (DFT), which rely on repeating units, could not effectively model quasicrystals due to their aperiodic nature. Researchers at the University of Michigan addressed this challenge by simulating small nanoparticles of quasicrystals and extrapolating their energies to estimate the stability of the bulk material. They applied this approach to two known quasicrystals—scandium-zinc and ytterbium-cadmium alloys—and demonstrated that these structures have the lowest possible energy configurations, proving their intrinsic stability rather than
materialsquasicrystalsatomic-ordercrystal-structurestabilityphysicsnanomaterialsCheapest carbon fix? Common clay may help capture CO₂ from the air
materialsCO2-captureclimate-technologyclay-mineralsenvironmental-solutionscarbon-dioxidenanomaterialsNew 2D material could be used in electrochemical energy storage
materialsenergyelectrochemical2D-materialsboroncopper-boridenanomaterialsScientists accidentally create material that harvests water from air
materialsnanomaterialswater-harvestingcapillary-condensationenvironmental-technologysustainable-materialsenergy-efficient-solutions